Hansen basili ad\u0131 verilen\u00a0\u00f6zel bir mikroorganizma taraf\u0131ndan meydana getirilen, \u00e7evresel sinir sistemi ve deri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere\u00a0bir\u00e7ok sistem ve organ\u0131 tutabilen, bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 ve m\u00fczmin bir hastal\u0131k. Di\u011fer ismi \u201clepra\u201d olan hastal\u0131\u011fa\u00a0eskiden \u201cmiskin hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d denirdi.<\/p>\n
Bu hastal\u0131k m\u00eel\u00e2ttan 1600 y\u0131l kadar evvel Hindistan ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da mevcuttu. Eski Yunanl\u0131lar ve Araplar da
\nbu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131yorlard\u0131. C\u00fczzam, Roma askerleriyle Avrupa\u2019ya sir\u00e2yet etti. Bilhassa Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferleri
\ns\u0131ras\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131n bir h\u00e2l ald\u0131. Hastal\u0131k yayg\u0131nla\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131k\u00e7a c\u00fczzaml\u0131lar \u00e2det\u00e2
\nl\u00e2netlenmi\u015f kimseler olarak kabul edilip, sosyal hayattan tecrid edildiler. Hatta c\u00fczzaml\u0131lara mahsus
\nadalar vard\u0131. Hastalar bu adalarda kendi hallerine b\u0131rak\u0131lmaktayd\u0131lar. C\u00fczzaml\u0131 hastalar\u0131 toplay\u0131p
\nbar\u0131nd\u0131ran ve miskinh\u00e2ne olarak bilinen kurumlar da vard\u0131. On alt\u0131nc\u0131 asr\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na do\u011fru c\u00fczzam
\nAvrupa\u2019da azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in hastalar yeniden b\u00e2z\u0131 sosyal haklara kavu\u015ftular. Hastal\u0131k \u00ces\u00e2 aleyhissel\u00e2m
\nzam\u00e2n\u0131nda \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n olup, \u00ces\u00e2 aleyhissel\u00e2m m\u00fbcize olarak c\u00fczzaml\u0131lar\u0131 iyi ederdi.<\/p>\n
Hastal\u0131k \u00e2mili olan basil 1873 senesinde Hansen taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir. Bu basil bir\u00e7ok \u00f6zelli\u011fi
\nbak\u0131m\u0131ndan veremi yapan Koch basiline benzemektedir. Bu mikrop tabiatta s\u00e2dece insan v\u00fccudunda
\nbulunmaktad\u0131r. Sun\u2019\u00ee ve tabi\u00ee hi\u00e7bir yerde \u00fcretilememi\u015f olup, yaln\u0131zca G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019da ya\u015fayan
\n\u201cArmadillo\u201d isimli hayvanda hastal\u0131k yapabilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bula\u015fmada hastal\u0131k \u00e2milinin genellikle deri yoluyla al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmektedir. Mikrobun al\u0131nabilmesi
\ni\u00e7in ise a\u00e7\u0131k c\u00fczzaml\u0131 denilen krop yayan hastalarla do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ve s\u0131k\u0131 temas \u015fartt\u0131r. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n
\nbula\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in basilin \u00e7ocukluk ya\u015f\u0131nda al\u0131nmas\u0131 da \u015fartt\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck ihtim\u00e2lle ileri ya\u015flarda basillere kar\u015f\u0131
\nmeydana gelen diren\u00e7 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemekte, fakat \u00e7ocukluk ya\u015f\u0131nda hen\u00fcz b\u00f6yle
\nbir diren\u00e7 geli\u015femedi\u011finden basilin al\u0131nmas\u0131 ile y\u0131llar sonra da olsa hastal\u0131k ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.Mesel\u00e2
\n30 ya\u015f\u0131nda c\u00fczzam te\u015fhisi konan bir kimse, c\u00fczzam mikrobunu \u00e7ocuklu\u011funda alm\u0131\u015f demektir.
\nC\u00fczzam\u0131n kulu\u00e7ka s\u00fcresi olduk\u00e7a uzundur. Bu s\u00fcre iki seneden yirmi seneye kadar v\u00fccudun direncine
\nba\u011fl\u0131 olarak uzayabilir. C\u00fczzam hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tablosu v\u00fccudun direncine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak birbirinden ayr\u0131lan
\niki ana tip ve iki ara tipten meydana gelir. Ana tipler \u201cLepramat\u00f6z tip\u201d ve \u201cT\u00fcberk\u00fcloit tip\u201d c\u00fczzamlard\u0131r.
\nAra tipler ise \u201cBorderlein tip\u201d ve \u201c\u0130ndetermine tip\u201d c\u00fczzamlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Lepramat\u00f6z tip c\u00fczzam: C\u00fczzam\u0131n en k\u00f6t\u00fc tipi budur. V\u00fccudun direnci tam\u00e2men k\u0131r\u0131kt\u0131r. C\u00fczzam
\nbasilleri \u00e7ok say\u0131da ve faaldir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, \u00e7ok say\u0131da ve g\u00f6vdede simetrik olarak yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 keskin
\nolmayan, parlak bak\u0131r k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 renginde lekeler s\u00f6zkonusudur. Bu lekelerin oldu\u011fu deri b\u00f6lgeleri
\nzamanla hissini kaybeder. Y\u00fczde, ensede, uzuvlarda, memeba\u015f\u0131 ve avret mahallinde yerle\u015fen sert
\na\u00e7\u0131k kahverengi lekeler de s\u00f6z konusudur ki, bunlara \u201cleprom\u201d ismi verilir. Y\u00fczde, yerle\u015ftiklerinde
\n\u201carslan y\u00fcz\u00fc\u201d denilen y\u00fcz g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rlar. Lepromlar ayr\u0131ca \u201csemer burun\u201d denilen burun
\n\u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcne, damak delinmesine, g\u00f6z kapaklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesine, ses k\u0131s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, parmaklar\u0131n
\nkendili\u011finden kopmas\u0131na da yol a\u00e7arlar. Lepromlar iyile\u015fecek olurlarsa mutlaka yerlerinde iz b\u0131rak\u0131rlar.
\nC\u00fczzam\u0131n bu tipinde sinirler nisbeten daha az etkilenirler. Fakat organlar\u0131 hastaland\u0131rmas\u0131 daha s\u0131kt\u0131r.
\nKaraci\u011fer giderek harap olabilir. Hayalar (erbezleri) etkilenerek k\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131k ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Kemikler
\netkilenerek derin kemik harabiyetleri geli\u015fir. G\u00f6z etkilenerek k\u00f6rl\u00fck ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcberk\u00fcloit tip c\u00fczzam: C\u00fczzam\u0131n en iyi \u015fekli budur. Bu tipte daha ziy\u00e2de \u00e7evresel sinir sistemi C\u00fczzam sinsi ve yava\u015f seyirli bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Ted\u00e2vi edilmeyen hastalarda b\u00fct\u00fcn harabiyetler yava\u015f Korunma ve ted\u00e2vi: Yeti\u015fkinlere hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n bula\u015fmas\u0131 s\u00f6zkonusu de\u011fildir. Ancak hastalara yak\u0131n C\u00fczzam, ihb\u00e2r\u0131 mecb\u00fbr\u00ee hastal\u0131k olup, ted\u00e2vi devlet eliyle ve \u00fccret al\u0131nmadan yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. T\u0131bb\u00ee Hansen basili ad\u0131 verilen\u00a0\u00f6zel bir mikroorganizma taraf\u0131ndan meydana getirilen, \u00e7evresel sinir sistemi ve deri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere\u00a0bir\u00e7ok sistem ve organ\u0131 tutabilen, bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 ve m\u00fczmin bir hastal\u0131k. Di\u011fer ismi \u201clepra\u201d olan…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[2249,2250],"class_list":["post-2555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-saglik","tag-cuzzam","tag-cuzzam-hastaligi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2555"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2555"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2555\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11751,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2555\/revisions\/11751"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\netkilenmektedir. Y\u00fcz felci meydana gelebilir. El kaslar\u0131na gelen b\u00e2z\u0131 sinirlerin felci sonucu \u201cpen\u00e7e el\u201d
\ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Aya\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131ran kaslar\u0131n felci sonucu hasta aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131na basar duruma gelir.
\nHis sinirlerinin felci sonucu \u0131s\u0131 temas ve a\u011fr\u0131 hislerinin ortadan kalkmas\u0131 s\u00f6zkonusudur. B\u00f6ylece hasta
\nel ve aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyamaz, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yaralar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Mesel\u00e2 sigaras\u0131<\/a> elini yakar ama hasta fark\u0131nda
\nde\u011fildir. Ayr\u0131ca terbezleri de \u00e7al\u0131\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan deride kuruluk giderek artar ve deri d\u00f6k\u00fclmeye ba\u015flar.
\nBu sinirlerle ilgili belirtilerden ba\u015fka deride da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k olarak birka\u00e7 t\u00e2ne k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck leke bulunabilir.
\nBorderlein tipi c\u00fczzam: Lepramat\u00f6z ve T\u00fcberk\u00fcloit tipler aras\u0131nda bir tablodur. Geli\u015fim olarak iki
\ntipten birisine daha yak\u0131n olur. Hangi tipe do\u011fru gidiyorsa o tipin \u00f6zellikleri daha belirgin olmaktad\u0131r.
\n\u0130ndetermine tip c\u00fczzam: Ekseriya bir tek leke \u015feklinde kendisini g\u00f6sterir. His bozuklu\u011fu da g\u00f6steren
\nbu leke etrafa do\u011fru yay\u0131labilir veya ortas\u0131 iyile\u015febilir.<\/p>\n
\nyava\u015f ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. C\u00fczzam\u0131n klasik seyrinde b\u00e2zan \u00e2ni alevlenmeler g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Genel durumda
\nbozulma y\u00fcksek ate\u015f, bulant\u0131, kusma, mevcut deri ve sinir bozuklu\u011funda alevlenmeler veya yeni
\nbozukluklar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u015feklinde beliren bu yeni ataklara \u201clepra reaksiyonu\u201d ismi verilir. Bunlar\u0131n
\nbir k\u0131sm\u0131 sonucunda hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n iyile\u015fmesi ve gerilemesi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n sonunda da hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n
\ndaha k\u00f6t\u00fc bir safhaya girdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\n\u00e7evredeki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n hastal\u0131ktan korunmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Bunun i\u00e7in BCG a\u015f\u0131lamalar\u0131 ve 2 ya\u015f\u0131ndan
\nk\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklere haftada 5 mg ve 2 ya\u015ftan b\u00fcy\u00fcklere de haftada 10 mg \u201cDapson\u201d adl\u0131 ila\u00e7 verilebilir.
\n\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n hastal\u0131k olan \u00e7evreden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 en uygun tedbirdir.<\/p>\n
\nted\u00e2vi i\u00e7in s\u00fclfon tuzlar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. C\u00fczam\u0131n t\u0131bb\u00ee ted\u00e2visi kadar cerr\u00e2h\u00ee ted\u00e2visi, fizik ve pisikiyatrik
\nted\u00e2visi de \u00e7ok m\u00fchimdir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"