\u00c7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015fte, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 salg\u0131nlarla insanlar\u0131 \u00e7ok korkutan, bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131, ate\u015fli, a\u011f\u0131r bir vir\u00fcs hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Deride irinli d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcler meydana getirir. \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc de olabilen hastal\u0131k, deride \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcz derisinde iz b\u0131rakarak iyile\u015fir. \u0130nsanlara vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu deh\u015fetten dolay\u0131 ilk tan\u0131nan hastal\u0131klardan biridir. Elde edilebilen bilgilere g\u00f6re hastal\u0131k zaman\u0131m\u0131zdan yakla\u015f\u0131k bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u00c7in\u2019de tarif edilmi\u015ftir. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk kayna\u011f\u0131 Asya ve Afrika\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da mumyalar \u00fczerinde tipik \u00e7i\u00e7ek bozukluklar\u0131na rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve belirtilerini Ebu Bekir Razi \u00e7ok g\u00fczel tarif etmi\u015ftir. Daha sonralar\u0131 Roma\u2019l\u0131 Frekastor \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi yeniden tarif etmi\u015ftir. Hastal\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 eskiden beri bilinen, korunma i\u00e7in \u201chasta g\u00f6mle\u011fi giydirme\u201d ve \u201c\u00e7i\u00e7ek cerahatini deriyi \u00e7izerek s\u00fcrmek\u201d y\u00f6ntemleri uygulanmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Edward Jenner<\/strong> 1749 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir k\u00f6y papaz\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015ftir, \u0130ngiltere’de Gloucestershire’da bir cerrah\u0131n\u00a0 yan\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcre \u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f daha sonra t\u0131p \u00f6\u011frenimini geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in Londra’ya gitmi\u015f ve orada John Hunter’in \u00f6\u011frencisi olmu\u015ftur. Hocas\u0131n\u0131n tavsiyesiyle 1775 y\u0131l\u0131nda, o d\u00f6nemlerdeki en yayg\u0131n ve can alan hastal\u0131k olan \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 sonucu \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na a\u015f\u0131 bulan Jenner ayn\u0131 y\u0131l k\u00f6y\u00fcnde ba\u015f g\u00f6steren \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 salg\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklar \u00fczerinde a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 denemi\u015f ve olumlu sonu\u00e7lar ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat etmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra 1796’da bulu\u015fu ile ilgili ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir rapor yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f ve bulu\u015fu gerek Avrupa’da gerek ise Birle\u015fik Amerika’da ilgiyle kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f ve benimsenmi\u015fse de d\u00f6nemim t\u0131p bilginleri a\u015f\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Fakat elde edilen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 sebebi ile 1870 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde binlerce insan a\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonraki y\u0131llarda \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 \u0130ngiltere’nin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, bug\u00fcn ise t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Baz\u0131 kaynaklarda Jennerin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda \u00c7i\u00e7ek a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrklerden \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n \u00c7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kulu\u00e7ka d\u00f6nemi 8-12 g\u00fcn aras\u0131nda olup, ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, titreme, \u00fcrperme, s\u0131rtta a\u011fr\u0131 ve kusma ilk belirtileridir. Bu s\u0131rada ate\u015f 40-41 dereceye kadar y\u00fckselir. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk iki g\u00fcn\u00fc hastan\u0131n karn\u0131nda ve v\u00fccudunda kabarc\u0131k \u015feklinde d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcler belirir. 3-4 g\u00fcn bu kabarc\u0131klar y\u00fczde de g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flar. Daha sonra bileklerde, kollarda, kar\u0131nda, y\u00fczde ve bacaklarda i\u00e7i su toplayarak\u00a0\u00e7o\u011falan benekler \u00f6zellikle y\u00fczde \u00e7ok ac\u0131 verir. Kabarc\u0131klar\u0131n hepsi ayn\u0131 ya\u015ftad\u0131r; yani birisi kabuklan\u0131rken yeni bir kabarc\u0131\u011f\u0131n su dolu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. V\u00fcc\u00fbdun her taraf\u0131ndaki d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcler s\u0131rayla; toplu i\u011fne ba\u015f\u0131 kadar k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcler, deriden az kabar\u0131k d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcler, deriden kabar\u0131k i\u00e7i berrak s\u0131v\u0131 dolu d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcler, i\u00e7i cerahat dolu d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcler ve kabuklanma safhalar\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 zamanda ge\u00e7erler. Kabarc\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fen ate\u015f, i\u00e7lerinin cerahat dolmas\u0131yla tekrar y\u00fckselebilir. Kabuklanman\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile ate\u015f yeniden d\u00fc\u015fer. 12-14 g\u00fcnden sonra kabuklar d\u00f6k\u00fclmeye ba\u015flar. Kabuklar d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra yerinde \u201c\u00e7i\u00e7ek bozu\u011fu\u201d denilen izler kal\u0131r. \u00c7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7tikten sonra \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k b\u0131rak\u0131r. \u00c7i\u00e7ek, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde koruyucu a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 sayesinde hi\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fclmez olmu\u015ftur. Son y\u0131llarda \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu olma durumu tamamen kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ancak salg\u0131n \u015f\u00fcphesi oldu\u011fu zamanlarda yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00c7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015fte, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 salg\u0131nlarla insanlar\u0131 \u00e7ok korkutan, bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131, ate\u015fli, a\u011f\u0131r bir vir\u00fcs hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Deride irinli d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcler meydana getirir. \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc de olabilen hastal\u0131k, deride \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcz derisinde iz b\u0131rakarak iyile\u015fir….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17103,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[406,1580,1581],"class_list":["post-2572","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saglik","tag-cicek-asisi","tag-cicek-hastaligi","tag-edward-jenner"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2572"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2572"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2572\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11496,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2572\/revisions\/11496"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/17103"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2572"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2572"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2572"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}