{"id":2574,"date":"2015-03-16T12:00:12","date_gmt":"2015-03-16T10:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2574"},"modified":"2018-05-07T15:05:59","modified_gmt":"2018-05-07T13:05:59","slug":"cikolatayi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2574","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ikolatay\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c7ikolatay\u0131 kim icat etti, <\/strong>Azteklerin ac\u0131 su anlam\u0131na gelen “xocoatl” ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri kakao tozundan yapt\u0131klar\u0131 t\u00f6rensel bir i\u00e7ecekleri vard\u0131. Meksika’n\u0131n Nahuatl diyalektlerinde “chocolatl” ad\u0131n\u0131 alan i\u00e7ece\u011fi \u0130spanyollar Avrupa’ya ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131lar. Afrodizyak niteliklerine inan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan veya \u015farap bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u00e7ilen ilk K\u0131z\u0131lderili \u00e7ikolatalar\u0131 biber, amber ve misk doluydu. Misyonerler bu “\u015feytani” kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirip i\u00e7ine vanilya, \u015feker ve krema katt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\u0130spanya’ya 1520’de giren \u00e7ikolata Fransa’ya 1653,\u00a0Ingiltere’ye 1657’de ula\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7ikolata Anjelik filmlerinden hat\u0131rlanaca\u011f\u0131 \u015fekliyle, 1847’ye kadar i\u00e7ecek olarak kald\u0131 ve en \u00e7ok da \u0130spanya’da sevildi.<\/p>\n

Katolik Kilises\u0131’nde 1594’te i\u00e7ilmeye ba\u015flanan \u00e7ikolatan\u0131n oru\u00e7 bozup bozmayaca\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 1636’lara kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc, ama ayinlerde bile \u00e7ikolata i\u00e7en aristokrat kad\u0131nlarla, kendileri de \u00e7ikolata ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131s\u0131 olan papazlar, \u00e7ikolata ticaretini baltalamak niyetinde de\u011fillerdi. Vergiler ve imtiyazlar nedeniyle uzun s\u00fcre pahal\u0131 bir i\u00e7ecek olan \u00e7ikolata, y\u00fcz y\u0131l kadar \u0130spanya’n\u0131n tekelinde kald\u0131. \u00c7ikolata ticareti 1700’lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131, 1770’te ilk \u00e7ikolata imalat firmas\u0131 kuruldu. Fakat aristokrat i\u00e7ece\u011fi \u00e7ikolata yayg\u0131nla\u015fana kadar, Avrupa’da aristokrasi g\u00fc\u00e7ten d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, yeni\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n yeni al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7ay<\/a> ve kahve<\/a> halka mal olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ikolata Hollanda’da d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme u\u011frat\u0131larak benimsendi; kakao ya\u011f\u0131ndan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p toz haline getirilerek yeni bir i\u00e7ecek \u00fcretildi. Kuzey \u00fclkelerinde \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ocuklara y\u00f6nelik kakao t\u00fcketimi benimsenirken, Hollanda’da tablet \u00e7ikolata \u00fcretimi ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00c7ikolatan\u0131n bu yeni t\u00fcketim bi\u00e7imine \u0130svi\u00e7re s\u00fct kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak katk\u0131da bulundu. \u0130svi\u00e7re’de ilk fabrika 1819’da a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. 1828’de kakaonun kremas\u0131 ke\u015ffedildikten sonra 1848’de ilk \u00e7ikolata kal\u0131b\u0131 \u00fcretildi. \u00c7ikolatal\u0131 pasta yapabilmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ikolata kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011framak gerekiyordu, hatta Nestle firmas\u0131 1920’lerde pastaya do\u011franmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel \u00e7ikolata \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 1939’da piyasaya \u00e7ikolata tozunun sunulmas\u0131yla \u00e7ikolatal\u0131 pasta yapmak herkes i\u00e7in kolayla\u015ft\u0131. 1929’da \u00fc\u00e7 firman\u0131n Nestle ile birle\u015fmesinden sonra \u0130svi\u00e7re d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7ikolata merkezi haline geldi.<\/p>\n

Nestle 1909’da \u00e7ocuk mamas\u0131, \u00e7ikolata, yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u00fct ithal eden \u015fubesiyle T\u00fcrkiye’ye girdi. 1927’de bira fabrikas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ikolata fabrikas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek \u00fcretime ba\u015flad\u0131. 1936’da f\u0131nd\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k yapmak \u00fczere Ordu’da kurulan Sa\u011fra’n\u0131n ilk \u00e7ikolata fabrikas\u0131 ise 1946’da a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ikolata Misafire kahve ve \u00e7aydan \u00f6nce kolonya ve \u00e7ikolata tutuldu\u011fu, \u015feker bayramlar\u0131n\u0131n ikram\u0131 ve ziyaretlerin hediyesi \u00e7ikolata 1974 krizinde b\u00fcy\u00fck darbe yedi, pahal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle yerini, bir ara rakip olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 baklavaya veya \u015fekerlemeye b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

11 A\u011fustos 1992’de TSE s\u00fctl\u00fc, bitter, beyaz ve sade, \u00e7e\u015fitli dolgulu olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ikolata standartlar\u0131n\u0131 belirledi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7ikolatay\u0131 kim icat etti, Azteklerin ac\u0131 su anlam\u0131na gelen “xocoatl” ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri kakao tozundan yapt\u0131klar\u0131 t\u00f6rensel bir i\u00e7ecekleri vard\u0131. Meksika’n\u0131n Nahuatl diyalektlerinde “chocolatl” ad\u0131n\u0131 alan i\u00e7ece\u011fi \u0130spanyollar Avrupa’ya ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131lar. Afrodizyak…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8398,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[1933],"class_list":["post-2574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yiyecek-icecek","tag-cikolata"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2574"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2574"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2574\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11546,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2574\/revisions\/11546"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8398"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2574"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2574"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}