Gazete, kitap, dergi gibi yay\u0131n organlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yle bir tak\u0131m hikayelerin \u00e7izgilerle anlat\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00e7izgi roman ad\u0131 verilmektedir. K\u0131sa a\u00e7\u0131klamalar, anlat\u0131mlar, konu\u015fma ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme balonlar\u0131 \u00e7izgi romanlar\u0131n yaz\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 meydana getirir. \u00c7izgi romanlarda ifadenin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7izgilerde toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131saca; resimle yaz\u0131n\u0131n biraraya gelmesiyle meydana gelen bir anlat\u0131m \u015feklidir.<\/p>\n
\u015eekil ve resimleri pe\u015fpe\u015fe s\u0131ralayarak bir hikayeyi anlatmak \u00e7ok eskiden beri kullan\u0131lan bir metoddur. Kabartma, mozaik, duvar resimleri, vitray, seramik ve dokuma gibi sahalarda kullan\u0131lagelmi\u015ftir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015feklini almas\u0131 kolay olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bask\u0131 tekniklerinin geli\u015fmesi \u00e7izgi ile anlat\u0131m\u0131n da geli\u015fmesinin ve detaylanmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi olmu\u015ftur. Anlat\u0131lmak istenen hikayenin her
\nsafhas\u0131n\u0131 aral\u0131ks\u0131z, ak\u0131c\u0131, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir \u015fekilde zihinde belirginle\u015fmesi duygusu ve iste\u011fi, \u00e7izgi roman\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiliz oymabask\u0131c\u0131 William Hogarth<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n oyma bask\u0131 karikat\u00fcrleri birbirlerini takip eden diziler halinde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, \u00e7izgi roman tarihinin ilk temsilcisi olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc manada \u00e7izgi roman 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u0130svi\u00e7reli \u00f6\u011fretmen Rudolphe T\u00f6pffer (1799-1846), M.Vieux-Bois tiplemesi ile, Alman mizah\u00e7\u0131 Wilhelm Busch, Max und Moritz ile, Frans\u0131z Georges Kolomb, Famille Fenaull ile ilk \u00e7izgi romanc\u0131 olma \u00fcnvanlar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Ancak \u00e7izgiyle metni bir uyum i\u00e7inde birle\u015ftiren ger\u00e7ek \u00e7izgi romanlar ABD\u2019de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Yay\u0131n organlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadele sonucu 1896 J.Pulitzer\u2019in \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 New York World Pazar ilavesinde Richard Outcault\u2019\u0131n \u201cThe Yellow Kid\u2019i ve Rudolph Dirks\u2019in The Katzenjammer Kids\u201d yay\u0131nland\u0131. \u0130lk konu\u015fma balonlar\u0131 ise \u201cThe Katzenjammer Kids\u2019i\u201d de kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ilk \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f, \u00e7izgi roman say\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n The Yellow Kid\u2019de (Sar\u0131 \u00c7ocuk\u2019ta) sar\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri, yahut s\u00f6ylemek istedikleri geceli\u011fin \u00fczerinde beliriyordu. Dirk\u2019s, R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6nemi Alman oyma bask\u0131lar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan unutulmu\u015f balon metodunu geri getirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in, kendi gazetesiyle W. Hearst\u2019\u0131n New York Journal Gazetesi aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131. Dirk\u2019s, gazetesini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi zaman a\u00e7\u0131lan davay\u0131 kaybetti. \u00c7izgi roman\u0131n\u0131 \u201cThe Captain and the Kids\u201d ad\u0131yla devam ettirdi. Bu dizi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Kaptan Edi ile B\u00fcd\u00fc ad\u0131yla yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/p>\n 1906\u2019da New York Journal\u2019de Winso Mc Cay\u2019\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ciltle Nemo in Slumberland (K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Nemo R\u00fcyalar \u00dclkesinde) \u00e7izgi roman\u0131 tutuldu. ABD\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sesini duyuran ise George Mc Manc\u0131sun (1884-1954) Brining Up Father (G\u00fcng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fler) eseridir. E.R. Burroughs\u2019un 1912\u2019de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tarzan\u2019\u0131, 1929\u2019da Harold R. Foster (1892-1982) taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7izgi haline getirilince, ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i \u00e7izgilerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk \u00e7izgi roman oldu.<\/p>\n Avrupa\u2019da ise tam manas\u0131yla ilk \u00e7izgi roman 1925\u2019de do\u011fdu. Alain Saint Oga\u2019n\u0131n Zig ve Puce adl\u0131 tiplemesiydi. Bunu Pincho\u2019nun Becassine\u2019si (1905) ve Farton\u2019un Pieds Nickeles\u2019i (1908) takip etti. Ancak Avrupa\u2019da Komikler\u2019in eri\u015fkinler taraf\u0131ndan da benimsenmesi i\u00e7in yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131l gerekmi\u015fti. Harold R. Foster\u2019in Tarzan\u2019\u0131ndan sonra bu alanda ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i \u00e7izgilerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir di\u011fer eser Alex Raymond\u2019un Flash Gordon\u2019u (Baytekin)dur. Chic Young\u2019un Blondie\u2019si (Fato\u015f) (1930), All Capp\u2019in Lil Abner\u2019i (Ho\u015f Memo) bu\u00a0 d\u00f6nemlerde mizah-karikat\u00fcr \u00e7izgisinde devam eden eserler aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. 1937\u2019de \u00f6zellikle Harold Foster\u2019in Prince Valiant\u2019\u0131 (Kahraman Prens), Lee Falk ile Phil Davis\u2019in birlikte haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 Sihirbaz Mandrake (1934), W.Ritt ile, C.Gray\u2019\u0131n birlikte haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 Brick Bradford (1935) fantastik bir \u00e7izgide devam eden eserler aras\u0131nda oldular.<\/p>\n Elsie Segar\u2019in Popeye\u2019si (Temel Reis), Walt Disney\u2019in Mickes Mouse (Miki Fare) (1930) ve Donald Duck\u2019un (Vakvak Karde\u015f) da bu d\u00f6nemlerin mizah \u00e7izgi romanlar\u0131yd\u0131. 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda ba\u015ftan ba\u015fa \u00e7izgi roman yay\u0131nlanan ayl\u0131k dergiler \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyda ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetle sat\u0131lan bu Comic booklar\u2019da Joe Shuster ile Jerry Siegel\u2019in (1938) ortak \u00fcrettikleri Kahraman S\u00fcperman ve Robert Kane\u2019nin Batman\u2019\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklere kar\u015f\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lerle sava\u015f\u0131rken bu piyasadaki \u00fcst\u00fcn sava\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerini de sergilediler.<\/p>\n \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan az \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda \u00e7izgi roman dergilerinde \u00e7e\u015fitlilik ve tiraj art\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bunun sonucunda \u00e7izgi romanlar haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken, yeni resim ve sinema tekniklerinden faydalan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla belirgin bir kalite art\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Art\u0131k resimli roman kahramanlar\u0131 klasik g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, yani kar\u015f\u0131dan ve ayakta duru\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra hemen hemen her t\u00fcr pozisyonlarda \u00e7izilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Ola\u011fan d\u0131\u015f\u0131 renkler, \u00f6rneklerin ger\u00e7ek olmayan renkleri, olaya estetik katarken bir yanda da psikolojik durumlar\u0131 ifade i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n Avrupa\u2019daki \u00e7izgi roman ABD\u2019nin yan\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a zay\u0131f kal\u0131rken, farkl\u0131 gayeler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Art\u0131k bu t\u00fcr \u00e7izgi romanlar \u00e7ocuklara y\u00f6nelik bir ideolojik propaganda arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu \u015fekilde kullananlar hedeflerinde isabet kaydedip inan\u0131lmas\u0131 zor tirajlara ula\u015ft\u0131lar. Fransa\u2019da 1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan Journal de Mickey ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek tirajla (400.000) Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en sivrilen dergisi oldu…<\/p>\n Sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131yla birlikte \u00e7izgi romanlar sava\u015fa y\u00f6nelik propaganda arac\u0131 olma \u00f6zelliklerini korumaya devam ettiler. George Baker\u2019in The Sack\u2019\u0131 (1942), David Brager\u2019in G.I.Joe\u2019si (1942) ve Milton Caniff\u2019in Male Call\u2019u (1942), Amerikan ordusu ve askerlerinin moralini destekleyecek \u015fekilde haz\u0131rland\u0131… \u0130talya\u2019da ise Kurt Caesar\u2019\u0131n Romanoil Legionario ile Fransa\u2019da ise Nazi yanl\u0131s\u0131 Temeraire (1943-44) adl\u0131 dergiler, gen\u00e7lere y\u00f6nelik propagandalar\u0131nda tesirli oldular.<\/p>\n Bar\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131 1947\u2019de Milton Caniff\u2019in Steve Canyon\u2019u piyasaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Resimli romana olan ilgi ise ge\u00e7ici bir s\u00fcre azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine, yap\u0131mc\u0131lar, korku dizilerine el att\u0131lar. Ya\u015fayan \u00f6l\u00fcler, hortlaklar ve vampirlerle dolu bir deh\u015fet d\u00fcnyas\u0131 okurlar\u0131n ilgisini \u00e7ekebilmi\u015fti. Amerikan Senatosu ve muhafazakar halk\u0131n tepkisi sonucunda \u015fiddet ve deh\u015fet konular\u0131nda belirli s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara gidildi ve bir dizi s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar kanunla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r\u0131p, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konuldu… Bunun sonucunda mizah-karikat\u00fcr a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 kahramanlar\u0131n tutulmas\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131. Walt Kelly\u2019nin Pogo\u2019su Charles M.Cshulz\u2019un Peanuts\u2019\u0131 (Yer F\u0131st\u0131klar\u0131) ve Mort Walker\u2019in Beetle Bailey\u2019i (Hasbi Tembeler) gibi.<\/p>\n ABD\u2019nin pazar\u0131 durumunda olan Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra kaliteli \u00fcr\u00fcnler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Herge takma ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanan Georges Remi\u2019nin Tin Tin\u2019i (Ten Ten) ABD \u00e7izgi romanlar\u0131n\u0131n kalitesine e\u015fde\u011fer \u00e7izgi romanlardan say\u0131l\u0131r. Bunu Frans\u0131z Morris\u2019in (Maurice de Bauere) Lucky Luke\u2019usu (Red Kit) (1946) takip etti. Albert Uderzo, Goscinny\u2019nin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Asterix\u2019i\u00a0 (Asteriks) yeni \u00e7\u0131kan Pilote dergisine (1959) \u00e7izmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu mizah a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 yay\u0131nlar\u0131 Peter O\u2019Donnell ile Jim Holdaway\u2019\u0131n dedektiflik ve casusluk a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 Modesty Blaise\u2019i izledi.<\/p>\n 1952\u2019de kurulan Mad dergisi bu alana ayr\u0131 bir renk getirdi. Bu dergi \u00e7izgi roman\u0131 kullanarak \u00e7izgi roman\u0131 alaya almas\u0131yla farkl\u0131l\u0131k kazand\u0131. 1970\u2019lerde ABD\u2019de farkl\u0131 bir ak\u0131m meydana geldi. Yer alt\u0131 \u00e7izgi romanlar\u0131 (Underground comix) \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fcniversite ku\u015fakl\u0131 gen\u00e7\u00a0 yazar ve \u00e7izer grubu, siyasi ve sosyal bir ele\u015ftiriye y\u00f6nelik yay\u0131nlar \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Ancak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilgi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. Ayn\u0131 Art\u0131k \u00e7izgi roman sanat\u0131, kabu\u011funu y\u0131rtm\u0131\u015f yaln\u0131z anavatan\u0131nda alaka g\u00f6ren bir sanat dal\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f \u015fimdi hemen hemen d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her \u00fclkesinde belirli soluklarla devam ettirilmektedir. Bu alandaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve gen\u00e7 \u00e7izerleri, yeni nesilleri te\u015fvik amac\u0131yla 1961\u2019de Paris\u2019te kurulan \u00c7izgi Roman Sevenler Derne\u011fi 1964\u2019te \u00c7izgi Roman\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve \u0130nceleme Derne\u011fine (Socerl\u0131d) d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek bu \u00e7abalara \u00f6nderlik etmi\u015ftir. 1965\u2019te Milletleraras\u0131 \u00c7izgi Roman Kongresi ilk olarak \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Bordighera \u015fehrinde toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu arada baz\u0131 \u00fclkeler de kendi \u00e7izgi roman okullar\u0131n\u0131 kurdu.<\/p>\n G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019da Alberto Braccia, Munoz, Sam Payo, Quino \u0130talya\u2019da Hugo Prat (Corta Maltesen\u2019in \u00e7izeri), Guido Buzelli, Dino\u00a0 Bataglia, Sergio Topi, -Guido Crepax \u0130spanya\u2019da Victor de la Fuente, Enric Sio, Julio Ribera ve Palacaios bu i\u015fe \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck edip kendi tarzlar\u0131n\u0131 kabul ettirmi\u015flerdir. Yeni geli\u015fmekte olan pek\u00e7ok \u00fclkede ba\u015fta \u00c7in, K\u00fcba ve Cezayir, \u00e7izgi roman\u0131 e\u011fitim gayesi ile kullanmaktad\u0131rlar. Do\u011fu bloku \u00fclkelerinin \u00e7o\u011fu bu dala s\u0131rt \u00e7evirmi\u015f, bu gruptaki \u00fclkelerden Yugoslavya ise tam aksine bu i\u015fe \u00f6nderlik etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu i\u015fin ilkleri karikat\u00fcr\u00fcze Amca Bey tiplemesi ile Cemal Nadir ve Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i \u00e7izgi olarak Barbaros Hayrettin ve Koca Yusuf ile Ratip Tahir Burak\u2019t\u0131r. Cemal Nadir\u2019i Tombul Teyze ve S\u0131ska Day\u0131 tiplemesi ile Ramiz G\u00f6k\u00e7e, Karakedi \u00c7etesi ile Selma Emiro\u011flu takip etti. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ilk m\u00fcstakil \u00e7izgi roman dergisi 1950\u2019lerde yay\u0131na ba\u015flayan Pecos Bill\u2019dir. Bunlar\u0131 bug\u00fcn bile okur bulabilen; Tommiks, Teksas ve Teks\u2019ler d\u00f6nemi takip etmi\u015ftir. 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda karikat\u00fcrc\u00fclerin \u00e7o\u011fu bu alana y\u00f6neldi. Utanmaz Adam\u2019la O\u011fuz Aral \u00f6ne ge\u00e7ti. 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda H\u00fcdaverdi ile Sezgin Burak, ger\u00e7ek hikayelerden al\u0131nan konularla Faruk Gen\u00e7 ad\u0131n\u0131 duyurmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Turhan Sel\u00e7uk da bu sahan\u0131n adam\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 En \u00f6nemli patlamay\u0131 ise karikat\u00fcrc\u00fc Suat Yalaz yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu zamanla Sezgin Burak\u2019\u0131n Tarkan\u2019\u0131, Ayhan\u00a0 Ba\u015fo\u011flu\u2019nun Malko\u00e7o\u011flu\u2019su, Abdullah Turhan\u2019\u0131n Tolga\u2019s\u0131 izledi. Bu tarz\u0131n di\u011fer bir \u00f6rne\u011fi de Rahmi Murat\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Abdullah Turhan\u2019\u0131n resimledi\u011fi Kara Murat\u2019t\u0131r. \u015eahap Ayhan da farkl\u0131 tiplemelerle bu konuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ressamlar\u0131m\u0131zdan biridir. Bu sahada Deli Balta\u2019s\u0131yla G\u00fcrb\u00fcz Azak, Topuz\u2019la Vehip Sinan, Kurdo\u011flu ile Cem Ert\u00fcrk, H\u0131z\u0131r Bey\u2019le Talat G\u00fcreli zikre de\u011fer isimlerdir. Suat Yalaz\u2019\u0131n Karao\u011flan\u2019\u0131 Fransa\u2019da ve pek\u00e7ok Kuzey Afrika \u00fclkesinde Frans\u0131zca yay\u0131nlanarak bu dalda Avrupa\u2019daki tek temsilcimiz olup milletleraras\u0131 niteli\u011fine b\u00fcr\u00fcnen ilk milli \u00e7izgi roman\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Gazete, kitap, dergi gibi yay\u0131n organlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yle bir tak\u0131m hikayelerin \u00e7izgilerle anlat\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00e7izgi roman ad\u0131 verilmektedir. K\u0131sa a\u00e7\u0131klamalar, anlat\u0131mlar, konu\u015fma ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme balonlar\u0131 \u00e7izgi romanlar\u0131n yaz\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 meydana getirir. \u00c7izgi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[1668],"class_list":["post-2585","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eglence","tag-cizgi-roman"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2585"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2585"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2585\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6912,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2585\/revisions\/6912"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2585"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2585"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2585"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nd\u00f6nemlerde Jack Kirby ve Joe Orlando gibi \u00e7izerler Fanastic Four (Fantastik D\u00f6rtl\u00fc) ve Spider Man (\u00d6r\u00fcmcek Adam) Thor, The Hulk (Ye\u015fil Dev Adam) gibi tiplemeleri lanse ettiler. Iron Man (Demir Adam) ve Conan The Barbarian (Conan)\u2019\u0131n Avrupa\u2019daki pazar alanlar\u0131 gibi geni\u015f bir pazar alan\u0131 buldular.<\/p>\n