Yolcu\u00a0ve y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 demirden m\u00e2mul bir \u00e7ift ray h\u00e2linde uzanan ula\u015ft\u0131rma a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131. Hat
\nfikrinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek tatbiki \u00e7ok eski devirlere dayan\u0131r. Eski M\u0131s\u0131r, Yunan ve Roma medeniyetlerinde
\natla \u00e7ekilen arabalar\u0131n tekerleklerindeki s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmelerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel tertib\u00e2tlar\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nbilinmektedir. On be\u015finci y\u00fczy\u0131lda m\u00e2den ocaklar\u0131nda arabalar tahta kalaslar \u00fczerine al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, demirin
\nucuzlamas\u0131 ile de bunlar, ray ad\u0131 verilen hatlara yerini b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Buharla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir araban\u0131n ray \u00fczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclenini ilk defa 1802 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz Robert Trewithick
\nyapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu arabay\u0131 di\u011ferlerinden ay\u0131rabilmek i\u00e7in de lokomotif ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. Bu sahadaki
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar h\u0131zla geli\u015fmi\u015f 1814 y\u0131l\u0131nda George Stephenson adl\u0131 bir m\u00fchendis iki silindirli bir lokomatif
\nyapmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1825 y\u0131l\u0131nda borulu kazanlar\u0131n ke\u015ffedilmesinden sonra bir \u015firket y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n lokomotiflerle
\nyap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u0130ngiltere\u2019de demiryolu in\u015f\u00e2s\u0131na ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, bu maksadla bir de yar\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir.
\nStephenson ad\u0131nda birisi 6 Ekim 1829 t\u00e2rihinde 10 tonluk bir y\u00fckle saatte 22 km h\u0131z yapan bir
\nlokomotif yapmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Demiryolunun k\u00e2\u015fifi olarak George Stephenson, demiryolculu\u011funun
\nba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 t\u00e2rihi de 1829 olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
1829 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra \u00f6zellikle demiryolu arabalar\u0131nda hi\u00e7 durmayan bir geli\u015fme olmu\u015f, 1860 y\u0131llar\u0131nda
\ndemiryolundaki ula\u015f\u0131m h\u0131z\u0131 saatte 40 km iken, 1913\u2019te 60 kilometreye, 1939\u2019da ise 85 kilometreye
\nula\u015fm\u0131\u015f, bunun yan\u0131nda lokomotif g\u00fc\u00e7leri de artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Harbinden sonraki devrelerde
\nbuharl\u0131 lokomotifler yerini dizelli, elektrikli lokomotiflere b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Saatteki h\u0131z, katarlarda (y\u00fck
\nta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda) 120 kilometreye, yolcu trenlerinde ise 160 kilometreye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir taraftan elektrikli
\nlokomotiflerde g\u00fcc\u00fcn art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, elektri\u011fin demiryollara uygulanmas\u0131 ve yol yap\u0131m tekni\u011findeki
\ngeli\u015fmeler, h\u0131z\u0131n 250-300 kilometreye kadar \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n b\u00e2z\u0131 demiryolu hatlar\u0131\u00a0de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek y\u00fcksek h\u0131z tekni\u011fi ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan hatlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131na ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Demiryollar\u0131ndaki h\u0131z\u00a0ve konfor yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 son y\u0131llarda Fransa ile Japonya aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrmektedir. Bu \u00fclkelerde yolcu ve\u00a0y\u00fck katarlar\u0131n\u0131n manyetik alana s\u00e2hip yast\u0131klar \u00fczerinden nakli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na h\u0131zla dev\u00e2m edilmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Yolcu\u00a0ve y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 demirden m\u00e2mul bir \u00e7ift ray h\u00e2linde uzanan ula\u015ft\u0131rma a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131. Hat fikrinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek tatbiki \u00e7ok eski devirlere dayan\u0131r. Eski M\u0131s\u0131r, Yunan ve Roma medeniyetlerinde atla \u00e7ekilen…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[2151],"class_list":["post-2597","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gezi","tag-demiryolu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2597"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2597"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2597\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8158,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2597\/revisions\/8158"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2597"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2597"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2597"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}