Halk\u0131n kendi kendini y\u00f6netmesi anlam\u0131na gelen demikrasi kelimesi dilimize frans\u0131zca dilinden girmi\u015ftir. Eski\u00a0Yunancada \u201cdemos\u201d halk ve \u201ckratos\u201d otorite demektir. \u0130kisinin birle\u015fmesinden \u201cdemokratia\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc\u00a0meydana gelir ki buna g\u00f6re, demokrasi, \u201chalk id\u00e2resi\u201d anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Demokrasinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7ok eski zamanlara kadar ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Fakat\u00a0bug\u00fcnk\u00fc, anlay\u0131\u015f \u015fekline g\u00f6re demokrasi, eski Yunanl\u0131lar zaman\u0131ndan sonra ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Eski\u00a0Yunan \u015fehir, devletlerinin (sitelerinin) y\u00f6netim \u015fekli, as\u0131l demokrasiye \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilir. O devirde hen\u00fcz\u00a0tems\u00eel\u00ee sistem bilinmiyordu. Di\u011fer taraftan n\u00fcfus da azd\u0131. Bu sebeple do\u011frudan do\u011fruya demokrasi\u00a0uygulamas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Fakat, bunlarda tutsaklara (esirler) ve k\u00f6lelere, di\u011ferlerine verilen demokratik\u00a0haklar verilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, ayr\u0131ca kad\u0131nlara oy verme hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu devir demokrasisine,\u00a0ger\u00e7ek m\u00e2n\u00e2da demokrasi denilemez. Bu demokraside, k\u00f6leler, tutsaklar ve kad\u0131nlar h\u00e2ri\u00e7 herkes\u00a0oylamada haz\u0131r bulunur, y\u00f6netime de se\u00e7ilebilirlerdi. Bu t\u00fcr demokrasi, \u00f6zellikle M.\u00d6. V. y\u00fczy\u0131lda\u00a0Yunanistan\u2019da uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonradan eski Yunan \u015fehir sitelerinin ortadan kalkmas\u0131 neticesinde bu\u00a0demokrasi ak\u0131m\u0131 da durmu\u015ftur. Y\u0131k\u0131lan demokrasinin yerine aristokrasi ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu ise, \u00fclkeyi en se\u00e7kin kimselerin y\u00f6netmesi\u00a0esas\u0131na dayan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Romal\u0131lar, Yunanistan\u2019a yak\u0131n olmalar\u0131 sebebiyle demokrasiye yabanc\u0131 de\u011fillerdi. Fakat bunlarda da\u00a0oligar\u015fik bir cumhuriyet vard\u0131. Sonradan bu \u00fclke imparatorluk y\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.\u00a0Daha sonra Avrupa\u2019da feodal krall\u0131klar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. On alt\u0131 ve on sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u00a0aras\u0131nda bunlar\u0131n yerini de mutlakiyet id\u00e2releri almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Orta\u00e7a\u011fda zaman zaman g\u00f6r\u00fclen\u00a0cumh\u00fbriyetlerin de demokrasi de\u011fil, oligar\u015fi oldu\u011fu t\u00e2rih\u00ee bir ger\u00e7ektir.<\/p>\n
Aradan zaman ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e mutlakiyet id\u00e2relerine kar\u015f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkelerde ho\u015fnutsuzluk ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu\u00a0ho\u015fnutsuzluk 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda daha da b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc ve demokrasiye do\u011fru ad\u0131m at\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Bunun ilk\u00a0semeresi Amerika\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. 1776 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz egemenli\u011finden kurtulmak g\u00e2yesiyle Amerikan\u00a0kolonileri birle\u015ferek \u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Bildirisi\u201d yay\u0131nlad\u0131lar. Bu bildiri, demokrasi t\u00e2rihinin klasik belgelerinden\u00a0biridir. Bu daha sonra, 1787\u2019de Amerikan Anayasas\u0131 kabul edilerek, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin halka bask\u0131 yapmas\u0131\u00a0bu anayasa ile \u00f6nlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc demokrasi t\u00e2rihin ikinci d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 kabul edilen 1789 Frans\u0131z devrimi ise, mutlakiyet\u00a0rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 bir ayaklanma \u015feklinde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve \u201c\u0130nsan ve Yurtta\u015f Haklar\u0131 Beyannamesi\u201dnin\u00a0yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Neticede 1791 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen Frans\u0131z Anayasas\u0131 ile, yurtta\u015flar\u0131n k\u00e2nun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda e\u015fit olduklar\u0131 ilkesi kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bat\u0131da ger\u00e7ek anlamda demokrasinin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Fransa\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilirse de, \u0130ngiltere, \u00e7ok daha\u00a0\u00f6nceleri, demokrasi bi\u00e7imi id\u00e2reye daha yak\u0131n \u00f6rnekler vermi\u015f. Frans\u0131z devrimi yan\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019de\u00a0oligar\u015fik bir y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi vard\u0131. Fakat ayn\u0131 \u0130ngiltere\u2019de 1688 devrimi sonunda kabul edilen anayasa,\u00a0demokrasinin geli\u015fmesine a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Anayasaya g\u00f6re kral\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f, ya\u015fama ve m\u00e2liye kesinlikle\u00a0parlamentonun denetimindeydi. Bu anayasa sonradan 1832 yl\u0131nda daha da demokratik h\u00e2le\u00a0getirilmi\u015ftir. Bu bak\u0131mdan baz\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re klasik demokrasinin be\u015fi\u011fi \u0130ngiltere\u2019dir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Demokrasiyi kim\u00a0bulmu\u015ftur,\u00a0\u00a0demokrasiyi kim\u00a0bulmu\u015ftur,\u00a0demokrasi\u00a0kim\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r,\u00a0\u00a0demokrasi kavramini ilk\u00a0kim\u00a0kullandi. Halk\u0131n kendi kendini y\u00f6netmesi anlam\u0131na gelen demikrasi kelimesi dilimize frans\u0131zca dilinden girmi\u015ftir. Eski\u00a0Yunancada \u201cdemos\u201d halk ve \u201ckratos\u201d otorite demektir. \u0130kisinin birle\u015fmesinden \u201cdemokratia\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc\u00a0meydana…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[2150],"class_list":["post-2600","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-toplum","tag-demokrasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2600"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2600"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2600\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11996,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2600\/revisions\/11996"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2600"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2600"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2600"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}