Ar\u015fimet<\/a>\u2019in bu kuleye monte etti\u011fi metalik \u00e7ukur
\naynalar v\u00e2s\u0131tas\u0131yla, yakla\u015f\u0131k elli kilometrelik mes\u00e2feye \u0131\u015f\u0131k sal\u0131nabiliyor, i\u015f\u00e2ret ve sinyal verilebiliyordu.
\nBu deniz feneri, M\u0131s\u0131r Kral\u0131 Ptolemaios Philadelphos taraf\u0131ndan M.\u00d6. 280 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, Knidoslu
\nSostratos\u2019un pl\u00e2n\u0131na uygun olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. M.S. 14. asra kadar ayakta kalan bu fener, bir deprem
\nesn\u00e2s\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\nHelenistik \u00e7a\u011flarda ve Romal\u0131lar devrinde kurulan fenerler daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fc. Bununla ber\u00e2ber ayn\u0131 pl\u00e2n
\nve modele uygun olarak yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu \u00e7a\u011flarda en me\u015fhur fenerler, Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda, Ege\u2019de,
\n\u0130zmir ve \u0130stanbul\u2019da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130stanbul\u2019daki deniz feneri, Fener semtine ad olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130talya\u2019da
\nilk defa Messina\u2019da ve daha ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelerinde yap\u0131ld\u0131. Eski \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n me\u015fhur fenerlerinden biri de
\nMan\u015f Denizindeki Bolona feneridir. Bu fenerin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 60 m idi. Roma \u0130mparatoru Caligula
\ntaraf\u0131ndan M.\u00d6. 41 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. M.S. 17. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar ayakta kald\u0131. Dover, Frejus,
\nGuadalquir, Brigantium fenerleri, eski \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n me\u015fh\u00fbr fenerleri ars\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Orta\u00e7a\u011flarda Cenova\u2019da 1139\u2019larda yap\u0131lan deniz feneri, 125 m y\u00fcksekli\u011findeydi. 1611\u2019de Fransa\u2019da
\nyap\u0131lan Gironbe Feneri, 1698\u2019de \u0130ngiltere\u2019de yap\u0131lan Pleymouth\u2019daki Eddystone Feneri, 1811\u2019de Bell
\nRock Feneri, 1884\u2019te Argyllshire Feneri, 1867-81 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Sein Adas\u0131ndaki Ar-Men Feneri,
\n1885\u2019te Almanya\u2019da Roter Sand Feneri, Orta\u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n di\u011fer me\u015fhur fenerleridir.
\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn en me\u015fhur fenerleri ise \u015funlard\u0131r: Wolfrock Halbowlinrock ve Maplin (\u0130ngiltere), Heaut de
\nBrehet, Jument D\u2019ouessant, Les Triagoz (Fransa), Helgoland, Arkona, Br\u00fcsterort (Almanya), H\u00fcrriyet
\nHeykeli Feneri, Minots Ledga, St. George\u2019s Reef (Amerika). Deniz fenerleri \u0130spanya, Avustralya ve
\ndi\u011fer d\u00fcny\u00e2 \u00fclkelerinde de mevcuttur.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcny\u00e2ca me\u015fhur en eski deniz fenerleri de \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanabilir: 60 m y\u00fcksekli\u011finde, Man\u015f Denizi
\n\u00fczerinde, \u0130mparator Caligula taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Gesoriacum (Boulogne) Feneri. Bu fener M.\u00d6.
\n41 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve 18. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar gelebilmi\u015ftir. Portus Dubris (Dover) \u015fehri a\u011fz\u0131nda, Forum Julii
\n(Frajus) Feneri, Baetis (Guadalguivir) \u015fehrinin a\u011fz\u0131ndaki fener ve Brigantium (La Coruna) Feneridir.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en \u00f6nemli deniz fenerleri de \u015funlard\u0131r:\u0130ngiltere-Cornwallada Wolft Rock; Fransa\u2019da
\nLes Triagoz, Jument el\u2019Ousseat, Heaut de Breher; yine \u0130ngiltere\u2019de Maplin, Haulbowline Rock;
\nAlmanya\u2019da Br\u00fcsterort, Krkona, Helgoland; Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletlerinde New York liman\u0131ndaki
\nH\u00fcrriyet An\u0131t\u0131, St. George\u2019s Reef, Minots, Ledge; \u0130spanya\u2019da Capo Villana, Punta Galea, Castillo de
\nSan Sebastian; Arjantin\u2019de, Island; \u0130talya\u2019da Punta Caprera, Faro del Tino, Livorno. Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcny\u00e2da
\n\u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde toplam olarak 25.000 kadar deniz feneri oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmektedir.
\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yap\u0131lan deniz fenerleri, birka\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden meydana gelmektedir. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmler; fener,
\nfenerin i\u015fletilmesini sa\u011flayan d\u0131\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm, yak\u0131t anbar\u0131, sarn\u0131\u00e7, depolar, fenerci odas\u0131, di\u011fer oturma
\nb\u00f6l\u00fcmleri.<\/p>\n
Fener kuleleri dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olduklar\u0131ndan \u00e7o\u011funlukla ta\u015ftan \u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ta\u015f, denizin dalgalar\u0131na ve tuzlu suyun
\na\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Demirden yap\u0131lan fenerlerde dekromlu \u00e7elik kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\nDeniz fenerlerinde ilk zamanlarda ate\u015f, re\u00e7ineli odunlar veya madensel ya\u011flar yak\u0131larak \u0131\u015f\u0131k vermeleri
\nsa\u011flan\u0131yordu. Daha sonra deniz fenerleri hafif m\u00e2denden yap\u0131larak i\u00e7lerinde \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in,
\nayna ve mercek bulunup kullan\u0131ld\u0131. G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kapl\u0131 bill\u00fbrdan yap\u0131lan parabolik reflekt\u00f6rlerle \u0131\u015f\u0131k sa\u011fland\u0131.
\nBundan sonra da d\u00fcz parlak, metalden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f reflekt\u00f6rler denendi. Bununla \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n belli bir y\u00f6nden
\nyans\u0131mas\u0131 olay\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131ld\u0131. Reflekt\u00f6r d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclerek \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n da d\u00f6nmesi sa\u011fland\u0131. Bu sistem bug\u00fcn
\ns\u00e2dece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck fenerlerde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck fenerlerin \u0131\u015f\u0131k sistemi daha ba\u015fkad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde son zamanlarda, otomatik deniz fenerleri de yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan b\u00e2z\u0131s\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan
\nkumandal\u0131d\u0131r. Deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan id\u00e2re edilerek yan\u0131p s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. B\u00e2z\u0131s\u0131 da do\u011frudan do\u011fruya
\n\u015famand\u0131ra \u00fczerinde bulunur. Tam\u00e2men otomatik olup, bunlar\u0131n \u00f6zel b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde bulunan bir m\u00e2den,
\nsabahleyin g\u00fcne\u015f do\u011funca s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkisiyle geni\u015fler ve otomatik olarak feneri s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Ak\u015fam
\ng\u00fcne\u015f bat\u0131nca veya sisli ve \u00e7ok bulutlu havalarda m\u00e2den k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclerek, bir s\u00fcpap\u0131 a\u00e7ar. B\u00f6ylece fenerin
\nyanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Deniz fenerlerinin yan\u0131p s\u00f6nmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fit uygulama yap\u0131l\u0131r: 1)Fenerlerden kimisinin
\n\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli yanar. 2)B\u00e2z\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ise, yan\u0131p s\u00f6ner. Bu yan\u0131p s\u00f6nenler de iki \u00e7e\u015fittir. Birincisinde fenerlerin
\nyan\u0131k ve s\u00f6n\u00fck oldu\u011fu m\u00fcddetler birbirine e\u015fittir. \u0130kincisinde fenerin s\u00f6n\u00fck oldu\u011fu s\u00fcre, yan\u0131k oldu\u011fu
\ns\u00fcreden daha uzundur. 3)\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc uygulama s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na giren bir ba\u015fka fener \u00e7e\u015fidi daha vard\u0131r ki, bu
\nfenerde, \u0131\u015f\u0131k, karanl\u0131k devreden sonra, ard arda birka\u00e7 defa yan\u0131p s\u00f6ner. \u00d6zel olarak, yanyana
\nbulunan deniz fenerlerinin, ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u015fekillerde \u0131\u015f\u0131k vermesi sa\u011flan\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde gemiciler, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n
\nbi\u00e7imine bakmak s\u00fbretiyle feneri tan\u0131rlar. B\u00fcy\u00fck deniz fenerlerindeki \u0131\u015f\u0131klar genellikle 35-40 km
\nuzaktan g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Geceleri gemilerin yollar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0bulmalar\u0131, tehlikelerden sak\u0131nmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0131\u015f\u0131k sa\u00e7arak gemilere yol g\u00f6steren \u0131\u015f\u0131k kulesi.\u00a0\u00c7ok eskiden deniz ta\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131na geceleri yol g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in k\u0131y\u0131larda y\u00fcksek tepelerde ate\u015f yak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Daha sonralar\u0131 liman a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131na konan…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[428],"class_list":["post-2602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gezi","tag-deniz-feneri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2602"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2602"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2602\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11699,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2602\/revisions\/11699"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2602"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2602"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2602"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}