{"id":2615,"date":"2013-06-06T02:37:39","date_gmt":"2013-06-06T00:37:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2615"},"modified":"2018-09-19T15:59:16","modified_gmt":"2018-09-19T13:59:16","slug":"dilbilgisini-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2615","title":{"rendered":"Dilbilgisi’ni kim buldu, kurucusu kim"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130nsano\u011flu tarihi ak\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde, zamanla biriken bilgiler sayesinde hemen her \u015feyi inceleme ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma\u00a0mevzuu yapm\u0131\u015f, dillerin s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece yeni bir bilim dal\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dillerin\u00a0incelenmesi, Eski Yunan ve Hintlilerden ba\u015flayarak dillerin ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu k\u00e2ideler tespit edilmeye\u00a0\u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu kurallar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgiye de \u201cgramer bilgisi<\/strong>\u201d denmi\u015ftir.\u00a0Dilbilgisi birka\u00e7 t\u00fcrl\u00fc tan\u0131mlanabilir. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, bir dilin i\u015fleyi\u015f ve d\u00fczecini g\u00f6steren bir incelemedir.<\/p>\n

Ama ayn\u0131 zamanda, dil kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli kurallara ba\u011flayan, do\u011fru konu\u015fma ve do\u011fru yazma kurallar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren buyurucu bir b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u00a0Her iki anlamda da dilbilgisi, bir dildeki ses, bi\u00e7im ve s\u00f6zdizim ili\u015fkilerini inceler.\u00a0Buna paralel olarak her\u00a0dilin kelime haz\u00eenesi toplanm\u0131\u015f net\u00eecede s\u00f6zl\u00fckler ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gramer<\/strong> s\u00e2yesinde dillerin do\u011fru\u00a0okunup yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve duygular bu \u015fekilde kontrol\u00a0alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dilbilgisi \u00e7ok eski ilimlerdendir. \u0130lk dilbilgisi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n Hintliler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. En eski\u00a0gramercilerin Hintliler<\/strong> oldu\u011fu bilinir.\u00a0\u0130.\u00d6. IV. yy\u2019da Hintli Panini<\/strong>, sanskrit\u00e7enin dilbilgisini yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Grek\u00e7eden, L\u00e2tinceye, oradan di\u011fer dillere yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ise, dilbilgisi Aristoteles<\/strong><\/a> taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu denebilir. Ama onun bu y\u00f6ndeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok mant\u0131k egemendir. Daha sonra Romal\u0131lar da dilbilgisiyle ilgilendiler, ama Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n dilbilgisi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011fretilerini sistemli bi\u00e7imde latinceye uygulamaktan \u00f6teye gidemediler.<\/p>\n

M.\u00d6. 1. as\u0131rda bat\u0131da dilbilgisinin kurucusu Aristotales<\/strong> kab\u00fbl edilir.\u00a0Aristo, grameri, mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n aynas\u0131 h\u00e2line getirmi\u015ftir. Dionysois<\/strong> M.\u00d6. 1. as\u0131rda Dilbilgisi Sanat\u0131 ad\u0131yla ilk\u00a0dilbilgisi kitab\u0131n\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M.S. 4. as\u0131rda Romal\u0131 Donatus<\/strong>\u2019un yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 dilbilgisi kitab\u0131, bat\u0131da y\u0131llarca\u00a0okutulmu\u015ftur. Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u0130skenderiye dil mektebinin gramer ve lugat konular\u0131nda m\u00fchim yer\u00a0tuttu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee devirde g\u00f6r\u00fclen dilbilgisi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 daha \u00e7ok bu mektebi taklit etmi\u015ftir.\u00a0Emev\u00eeler devrinden \u00eetib\u00e2ren \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2leminde pek\u00e7ok gramer ve lugat yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 dillerinin dilbilgisi kitaplar\u0131 R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6neminde haz\u0131rland\u0131.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019nin ilk dilbilgisi ise, K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut taraf\u0131ndan XI. yy\u2019da yaz\u0131lan ve bug\u00fcn elimizde olmayan yap\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r: Kitab-\u0131 Cevahir-\u00fcn Nahv fi L\u00fcgat-it-T\u00fcrk (T\u00fcrk Dilinin Nahiv Cevherleri Kitab\u0131).<\/p>\n

Dilbilgileri, konu, ama\u00e7 ve\u00a0y\u00f6ntemlerine g\u00f6re \u00e7e\u015fitli adlar alabilir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda genel dilbilgisi, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 dilbilgisi, tarihsel dilbilgisi, betimleyici dilbilgisi, vb. say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130nsano\u011flu tarihi ak\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde, zamanla biriken bilgiler sayesinde hemen her \u015feyi inceleme ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma\u00a0mevzuu yapm\u0131\u015f, dillerin s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece yeni bir bilim dal\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dillerin\u00a0incelenmesi, Eski Yunan…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[2799,2196,2798],"class_list":["post-2615","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-egitim","tag-aristotales","tag-dilbilgisi","tag-gramer"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2615"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2615"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2615\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11805,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2615\/revisions\/11805"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2615"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2615"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2615"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}