{"id":2623,"date":"2014-07-05T00:53:09","date_gmt":"2014-07-04T22:53:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2623"},"modified":"2018-02-26T01:43:37","modified_gmt":"2018-02-25T23:43:37","slug":"dizel-motoru-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2623","title":{"rendered":"Dizel Motoru kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dizel Motoru kim icat etti.<\/strong> Dizel, kuvvetle s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hava i\u00e7ine p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclen yak\u0131tla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 bir motor tipidir. Dizel veya Diesel olarak bilinen bu motor teknikte b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lere ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmas\u0131 sebebiyle icat edilmi\u015ftir. Geli\u015fmesinde Alman \u015firketlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck faydalar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Kara ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ilk dizel motorlar 1922\u2019den itibaren yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Denizcilikte kullan\u0131lan dizellerin yap\u0131mlar\u0131 her ne kadar 1910\u2019da ba\u015flad\u0131ysa da ger\u00e7ek anlamda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck teknelerde kullan\u0131labilen tipleri ancak 1929\u2019danberi yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131 .<\/p>\n

Bu tarihlerden itibaren kara ta\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131nda istenilen 40-50 beygir g\u00fcc\u00fcnde motorlar yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar dizel motorlar\u0131 demiryolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, trakt\u00f6rlerde, in\u015faat makinalar\u0131nda, gemilerde, sanayinin \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlar\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131ysa da ufak g\u00fc\u00e7 isteyen yerlerde tercih yine benzin motorlar\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Dizel Motoru kim icat etti<\/h2>\n

Dizel motoru Alman m\u00fchendis ve mucit olan Rudolf Diesel<\/strong> icat etmi\u015ftir. Rudolf Diesel 1858 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa’da do\u011fdu. 1870 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa – Prusya sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flay\u0131nca di\u011fer bir \u00e7ok alman gibi \u0130ngiltere’ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kald\u0131. Sava\u015f\u0131n bitiminden hemen sonra teyzesi ve amcas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na Almanya’ya gitti.\u00a0Augsburg da ilk okula ba\u015flad\u0131. Amcas\u0131\u00a0 matematik \u00f6\u011fretmeni idi. ona hem almanca hem de matematik dersleri verdi. 14 ya\u015f\u0131nda ailesine m\u00fchendis olmak istedi\u011fini belirten bir mektup tazd\u0131. 1873 y\u0131l\u0131nda burslu olarak Augsburg end\u00fcstri okuluna ba\u015flad\u0131. 1879 y\u0131l\u0131nda tifoya yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in okula ara vermek zorunda kald\u0131 ve \u0130svi\u00e7reye gitti. Orada mekanik konusunda pratik yapmak i\u00e7in bir firmada \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00a0 1880 y\u0131l\u0131nda okula geri d\u00f6ndi ve birincilikle mezun oldu ve Parise geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Pariste Profes\u00f6r Carl von Linde nin Modern so\u011futma ve buz tesisi kurmas\u0131na yard\u0131m etti. Bir y\u0131l sonra tesisin y\u00f6neticisi oldu.<\/p>\n

1890 y\u0131l\u0131nda Berlin’e ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Linde’ye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etti. \u0130lk olarak buhar makinalar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Amonyak buhar\u0131 kullanan bir motor icat etti fakat motor ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmada patlad\u0131 ve neredeyse onu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Aylarca hastanede yatt\u0131. 1887 y\u0131l\u0131nda Gottlieb Daimler ve Karl Benz’in araba <\/a>motorunu icat etmesinden hemen sonra Dizel Motor2un icad\u0131 ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Termodinamik ve yak\u0131t verimlili\u011fi konular\u0131ndaki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin buhar motorlar\u0131nda enerjinin %85 – 90 \u0131 bo\u015fa gidiyordu. Daha y\u00fcksek verimlilikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak carnot \u00e7evrimli bir motor dizayn etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1893 y\u0131l\u0131nda “Buhar motoru ve bug\u00fcn bilinen yanmal\u0131 motorlar yerine, rasyonel bir termal motor tasar\u0131m\u0131” ile ilgili bir teori yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Yaya\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 teori ile ilgili patent ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

1893 – 1897 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, MAN AG Augsburg m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Heinrich von Buz,\u00a0 ona yeni mototru ile ilgili fikirlerini test etmek ve geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bir f\u0131rsat verdi ve Rudolf Diesel ilk dizel motoru yapmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Almanya, Amerika ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde yeni motoru ile ilgili patentlerini ald\u0131 ve Diesel Motor \u00dcretim \u015eirketini kurdu.<\/p>\n

Rudolf Diesel<\/strong>, 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir toplant\u0131 i\u00e7in Antwerp ten Londra’ya gemi ile yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 29 Eyl\u00fcl 1913, ak\u015fam yeme\u011finden sonra saat 22:00 da, sabah 6.15 te uyand\u0131r\u0131lmak istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek, dinlenmek i\u00e7in kamaras\u0131na \u00e7ekildi. Ertesi g\u00fcn ortadan kaybolmu\u015ftu. On g\u00fcn sonra\u00a0 Hollandal\u0131 bir teknenin m\u00fcrettebatlar\u0131 bir adam\u0131n cesedini denizde y\u00fczerken buldular. Ceset tan\u0131nmayacak haldeydi. M\u00fcrettebat \u00f6l\u00fc adam\u0131n ki\u015fisel e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 ve elbiselerini al\u0131p v\u00fccudunu denize geri b\u0131rakt\u0131lar.\u00a0 13 Ekim’de o\u011flu Eugen Dizel, bu e\u015fyalar\u0131n babas\u0131na ait oldu\u011fu tespit etti. \u00d6l\u00fcm nedeninin intiharm\u0131 yoksa cinayetmi oldu\u011fu hi\u00e7 anla\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Dizel Motorun \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Prensibi<\/h2>\n

Dizel motoru i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Piston a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 inerken, silindire hava dolar. Piston yukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca bu hava s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma oran\u0131 benzininkilerden \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olup (1, 12 ile 1, 25 aras\u0131) mertebesinde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, havan\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 500\u00b0C\u2019nin \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar. Piston \u00fcst \u00f6l\u00fc noktaya yakla\u015f\u0131rken, silindire, \u00fcstteki bir enjekt\u00f6r memesinden yak\u0131t p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcl\u00fcr. Yak\u0131t s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma sonucu \u0131s\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan havayla kar\u0131\u015f\u0131nca, kendili\u011finden tutu\u015fur. Mazot 80\u00b0C\u2019den \u00eetib\u00e2ren tutu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yang\u0131n tehlikesi benzininkine oranla daha azd\u0131r. Dizel motorlar\u0131n bitkisel ya\u011flardan, tabi\u00ee gaz ve benzinlere kadar akla gelen her yak\u0131ta uygulanabilme \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r. Fakat d\u00fcnyada en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan, ham petrolden elde edilen mazottur.<\/p>\n

Dizel motorlar\u0131n benzine g\u00f6re \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckleri<\/h2>\n

1. Benzin motorlar\u0131nda teorik olarak hesapland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilen % 75 \u0131s\u0131 enerjisi, % 25\u2019e yak\u0131n bir i\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febildi\u011fi h\u00e2lde, bu oran dizel motorlar\u0131nda % 65 \u0131s\u0131 enerjisinden % 35 gibi faydal\u0131 bir i\u015f elde edilir ki, bu dizel motorlar\u0131ndaki y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve \u0131s\u0131dan dolay\u0131 verimin benzine g\u00f6re % 10 daha fazla oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.
\n2. Dizel motorlar\u0131nda beygir saat ba\u015f\u0131na 100-200 gr civ\u00e2r\u0131nda mazot sarfiy\u00e2t\u0131 oldu\u011fu h\u00e2lde, bu durum benzinde 300 gr civ\u00e2r\u0131nda seyreder.
\n3. \u00c7eki\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc uygulama safhas\u0131nda dizellerde daha fazla, benzinlerde daha azd\u0131r.
\n4. Mazotun tutu\u015fma derecesi 80\u00b0C\u2019den \u00eetib\u00e2ren ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde benzinlerde oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olur. Bu durum benzinlilerde dizellere g\u00f6re yang\u0131n tehlikesinin daha \u00e7ok oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.
\n5. Dizel motorlar bitkisel ya\u011flar dahil olmak \u00fczere benzinin y\u00fcksek oktanl\u0131s\u0131na kadar her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yak\u0131tla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabildi\u011fi h\u00e2lde benzili motorlarda yaln\u0131z benzin kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n6. Ate\u015fleme donan\u0131m\u0131 benzine g\u00f6re daha basit oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e2r\u0131zalar\u0131 daha azd\u0131r.
\n7. Benzinli motorlar\u0131n egzoz g\u00f6zlerinde daha fazla CO2 olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k dizel motorlar\u0131n egzoz g\u00f6zlerinde daha az CO2 vard\u0131r.
\n8. Dizel motorlar\u0131ndaki i\u015fletme giderleri ayn\u0131 i\u015fi g\u00f6recek benzinli motorlara g\u00f6re yar\u0131dan daha azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dizel Motoru kim icat etti. Dizel, kuvvetle s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hava i\u00e7ine p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclen yak\u0131tla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 bir motor tipidir. Dizel veya Diesel olarak bilinen bu motor teknikte b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lere ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmas\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10128,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[1445,1446,1447,995,1444],"class_list":["post-2623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-otomobil","tag-diesel","tag-dizel","tag-dizel-motor","tag-motor","tag-rudolf-diesel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2623"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2623"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2623\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7452,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2623\/revisions\/7452"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2623"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2623"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2623"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}