{"id":2625,"date":"2015-03-09T00:10:46","date_gmt":"2015-03-08T22:10:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2625"},"modified":"2018-02-10T20:56:07","modified_gmt":"2018-02-10T18:56:07","slug":"dnayi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2625","title":{"rendered":"DNA’y\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

DNA kal\u0131t\u0131mda rol oynayan organik bir molek\u00fcl ve bir n\u00fckleik asit \u00e7e\u015fididir. Deoksiribo N\u00fckleik Asit k\u0131saca DNA olarak g\u00f6sterilir. DNA canl\u0131larda y\u00f6netici bir molek\u00fcld\u00fcr ve h\u00fccrenin protein ve enzim\u00a0sentezinde rol oynar. Ayr\u0131ca yeni bir h\u00fccre meydana getirecek gerekli elemanlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan h\u00fccre\u00a0b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinin esas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

DNA’y\u0131 kim ke\u015ffetti<\/h2>\n

\u0130lk defa Johannes Friedrich Miescher<\/strong>\u00a0adl\u0131 \u0130svi\u00e7reli biyolog taraf\u0131ndan, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda h\u00fccre \u00e7ekirde\u011fini incelerken DNA’y\u0131 ke\u015ffetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6karyotik h\u00fccrelerde DNA ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00e7ekirdekte bulunmakla ber\u00e2ber az olarak mitokondri ve\u00a0kloroplastlarda da vard\u0131r. H\u00fccre \u00a0\u00e7ekirde\u011finde bulunan kromatin, DNA ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 proteinlerden\u00a0yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1953 senesinde Watson ve Crick adl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 modeller \u00fczerine DNA yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131\u00a0a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re; DNA teorik olarak sonsuz uzunlukta ve birbirine sarmal olarak\u00a0dolanm\u0131\u015f yanyana iki molek\u00fcl zinciridir. Bu, hay\u00e2l\u00ee bir eksene sar\u0131l\u0131 bir ip merdivenine benzetilebilir.<\/p>\n

Merdivenin kenarlar\u0131 bir \u015feker molek\u00fcl\u00fc (deoksiriboz) ile fosforlu bir molek\u00fclden meydana gelir.\u00a0Merdiven basamaklar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda gev\u015fek hidrojen ba\u011flar\u0131yla birbirini \u00e7eken p\u00fcrin ve pirimidin denilen\u00a0azotlu bazlar bulunur. Bu basamaklar merdivenin kenar\u0131ndaki \u015feker molek\u00fcllerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

DNA genetik bilgi deposudur. Mikroskopla bile g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen bu say\u0131lamayacak kadar bilgiler, gayet\u00a0muntazam olarak yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130nsan v\u00fccudunun plan\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131yan bu muhte\u015fem yap\u0131 DNA’y\u0131\u00a0inceleyen bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131 hayretler i\u00e7inde b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

DNA\u2019lar, kendilerinin kopyalar\u0131n\u0131 yaparak, \u00fcreme h\u00fccreleriyle hayat \u015fifrelerini nesilden nesile iletirler. DNA’n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6zelli\u011fi,\u00a0canl\u0131lar\u0131n v\u00fccut yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ve mavi g\u00f6z, k\u0131v\u0131rc\u0131k sa\u00e7, \u00e7ekik g\u00f6z gibi\u00a0karakterlerinin, cans\u0131z\u00a0bir molek\u00fclde \u015fifrelenmesi ve bu molek\u00fcl\u00fcn otomatik olarak kendisinin kopyas\u0131n\u0131 yapabilmesi, daha\u00a0a\u00e7\u0131k bir ifadeyle hayat s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bulundurmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

DNA kal\u0131t\u0131mda rol oynayan organik bir molek\u00fcl ve bir n\u00fckleik asit \u00e7e\u015fididir. Deoksiribo N\u00fckleik Asit k\u0131saca DNA olarak g\u00f6sterilir. DNA canl\u0131larda y\u00f6netici bir molek\u00fcld\u00fcr ve h\u00fccrenin protein ve enzim\u00a0sentezinde rol…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9027,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92,18],"tags":[1435,1234,1434,1436],"class_list":["post-2625","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","category-saglik","tag-deoksiribo-nukleik-asit","tag-dna","tag-friedrich-miescher","tag-kalitim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2625"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2625"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2625\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6533,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2625\/revisions\/6533"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9027"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2625"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2625"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2625"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}