\u0130l\u00e2\u00e7lar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131, haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131,\u00a0standart h\u00e2le getirilmesi ile u\u011fra\u015fan sanat ve tatbik\u00ee bilim dal\u0131. Ecz\u00e2c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n alan\u0131na, il\u00e2\u00e7 olarak\u00a0kullan\u0131lan bitkilerin elde edilmesi ve t\u0131bb\u00ee de\u011feri olan kimyev\u00ee maddelerin sentezi girmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca\u00a0t\u0131pta kullan\u0131lan ajanlar\u0131n analizi ve standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 da ecz\u00e2c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n konusudur. Ecz\u00e2c\u0131 il\u00e2\u00e7lar\u0131n tablet,\u00a0kaps\u00fcl ve ampul gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli dozaj ve tiplerde \u00fcretiminden sorumludur. Farmakoloji; ila\u00e7lar hakk\u0131ndaki\u00a0b\u00fct\u00fcn bilgileri, (hastal\u0131klardaki etki mekanizmalar\u0131 d\u00e2hil) ihtiv\u00e2 eden bir bilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. Ecz\u00e2c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u00a0\u00f6\u011frenilmesi i\u00e7in Galenik Farmasi, Farmakoloji, Farmas\u00f6tik Kimya, Farmakognazi, Sentetik \u0130l\u00e2\u00e7\u00a0Kimy\u00e2s\u0131, Toksikoloji gibi bilim dallar\u0131n\u0131n bilinmesi gereklidir.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta ecz\u00e2c\u0131l\u0131k hekimlikten\u00a0ayr\u0131 de\u011fildi. Bu konudaki ilk bilgiler, M.\u00d6. 2500 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar gitmektedir. Ecz\u00e2c\u0131l\u0131kla ilgili eski\u00a0belgelerden en iyi bilineni Alman George Ebers taraf\u0131ndan okunan Papyrus Ebers\u2019tir. Papir\u00fcs \u00fczerine\u00a0yaz\u0131l\u0131 bu belgeden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131-yukar\u0131 M.\u00d6.1550\u2019de, eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n zaman\u0131m\u0131zda bilinen tabi\u00ee kaynakl\u0131\u00a0bir\u00e7ok il\u00e2c\u0131 bildi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenmekteyiz. Papyrus Ebers\u2019te 800 form\u00fcl ve 700 ayr\u0131 il\u00e2\u00e7tan s\u00f6z edilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0\u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2leminde de, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta ecz\u00e2c\u0131l\u0131k, hekimlikten ayr\u0131 de\u011fildi. Tabib ile ecz\u00e2c\u0131 ayn\u0131 ki\u015fi idi.\u00a0Ecz\u00e2c\u0131l\u0131k, botanik, zooloji, minaroloji ve kimy\u00e2 ilmi ile birle\u015fikti. \u0130l\u00e2\u00e7lar da bitkisel, hayvansal ve
\nm\u00e2densel idi. Daha sonra terkip yapma mecburiyeti h\u00e2s\u0131l olunca, kimy\u00e2sal yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bilmeye ihtiya\u00e7
\noldu.<\/p>\n
L\u00e2tin ecz\u00e2c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda en \u00e7ok ad\u0131 ge\u00e7enler; Hipokrat (M.\u00d6. 460-370), Dioskerides(M.S.1.
\ny\u00fczy\u0131l),Galen(M.S.130-200,) ve Paracelsus\u2019tur (M.S.1493-1541). Bunlardan Galen (Calinos)Anadolulu
\nbir ecz\u00e2c\u0131-doktordu. T\u0131bb\u00ee yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda re\u00e7eteler vermi\u015f, il\u00e2\u00e7lar\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nEcz\u00e2c\u0131l\u0131kta \u00f6nemli bulu\u015flar\u0131 olan ilim adamlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Paracelsus ve Scheele(18.yy) ba\u015fta gelir.
\nOn dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Lavoisier ve \u00f6\u011frencileri ecz\u00e2c\u0131l\u0131kta yeni bir ekol getirdiler.Kimy\u00e2
\necz\u00e2c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015ftirildi. Alkoloitlerin daha sonra glikozitlerin bulunmas\u0131 ted\u00e2vide yeni bir \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7t\u0131. On
\ndokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l sonunda ecz\u00e2c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa sterilizasyon metodu, sonra serum ve a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 kazand\u0131ran
\nPasteur\u2019un \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bu mesle\u011fin geli\u015fmesinde \u00e7ok yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n
On sekizinci ve on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131llarda hammaddelerden tesirli maddelerin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ayr\u0131lmas\u0131
\nkonsantre il\u00e2\u00e7 \u015fekillerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n
Nih\u00e2yet 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan itib\u00e2ren \u00f6zellikle Fourneau ve okulunun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00e2yesinde,
\nkimyev\u00ee ecz\u00e2c\u0131l\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015fti. Bir\u00e7ok yeni maddelerin sentezi yap\u0131ld\u0131. Hipnotikler,
\nantihistaminikler, m\u00fcsekkinler gibi yeni bir tak\u0131m il\u00e2\u00e7 gruplar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bundan ba\u015fka, biyokimy\u00e2n\u0131n
\nbulmu\u015f oldu\u011fu antibiyotik il\u00e2\u00e7lar\u0131n da bu geli\u015fmede b\u00fcy\u00fck rol\u00fc oldu.Gerek hammaddeler, gerekse
\nbunlardan elde edilen maddelerin,(y\u00e2ni hastan\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131 \u015fekildeki il\u00e2\u00e7lar\u0131n) kontrol\u00fcne imk\u00e2n veren
\nmetodlar ecz\u00e2c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flad\u0131. \u0130l\u00e2\u00e7lar\u0131n kontrol\u00fc ve mu\u00e2yenesi, fizik-kimya,
\nbiyokimy\u00e2 ve fizyoloji gibi ilim dallar\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130l\u00e2\u00e7lar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131, haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131,\u00a0standart h\u00e2le getirilmesi ile u\u011fra\u015fan sanat ve tatbik\u00ee bilim dal\u0131. Ecz\u00e2c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n alan\u0131na, il\u00e2\u00e7 olarak\u00a0kullan\u0131lan bitkilerin elde edilmesi ve t\u0131bb\u00ee de\u011feri olan kimyev\u00ee maddelerin sentezi girmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca\u00a0t\u0131pta kullan\u0131lan ajanlar\u0131n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[2182,2183],"class_list":["post-2646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-saglik","tag-eczacilik","tag-eczane"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2646"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2646"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2646\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7536,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2646\/revisions\/7536"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}