Enzimler biyokimy\u00e2sal reaksiyonlar\u0131 katalizleyen, protein yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki kataliz\u00f6r maddelerdir. Ferment olarak da bilinirler. Enzimler, canl\u0131 h\u00fccrelerce genlerin kontrol\u00fcnde meydana getirilirler. Enzimlerin yoklu\u011funda, bir\u00e7ok canl\u0131n\u0131n hayatiyeti i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli olan reaksiyonlar, b\u00e2zan h\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclemeyecek kadar yava\u015f seyreder. Enzimlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, reaksiyonlar\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 milyarlarca kere artt\u0131rabilir. Enzimler reaksiyonlar\u0131n dengesini bozmaz. Sadece h\u0131z\u0131na tesir eder. Ya\u015fayan her canl\u0131 h\u00fccre, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olsun veya bir dokunun par\u00e7as\u0131\u00a0olsun, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fcremesi i\u00e7in gerekli y\u00fczlerce \u00e7e\u015fit enzim ihtiva eder. B\u00e2z\u0131 enzimler h\u00fccre i\u00e7indeki alt yap\u0131larda \u00fcretilip, h\u00fccre i\u00e7inde vazife g\u00f6r\u00fcrken, b\u00e2z\u0131lar\u0131 da h\u00fccreden v\u00fccut s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131na ve bo\u015fluklar\u0131na (kan, sindirim sistemi gibi) salg\u0131lan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Her enzim \u00e7ok \u00f6zel kimy\u00e2sal reaksiyonlar\u0131 katalizlemek \u00fczere v\u00fccuttaki h\u00fccreler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Enzimlerin hormon denilen biyokimy\u00e2sal maddelerce kontrol\u00fc ve kendilerine verilen bu \u00e7ok \u00f6zel g\u00f6revler organizman\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015finde birinci s\u0131rada \u00f6nemi h\u00e2izdir.<\/p>\n
Enzimler ilk olarak 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda, Frans\u0131z ve Alman kimy\u00e2c\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar daha \u00e7ok \u015fekerin mayalanmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 1860\u2019ta Pasteur mayalanman\u0131n maya h\u00fccresi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Enzimlerin protein tabiat\u0131nda oldu\u011fu 1930\u2019larda g\u00f6sterildi. Daha sonralar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli enzimler kristal \u015feklinde elde edilip tan\u0131mland\u0131.\u00a01960\u2019larda enzimlerin yap\u0131lar\u0131, amino asit dizileri t\u00e2yin edilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Biyokimy\u00e2sal genetik alan\u0131ndaki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu enzimlerin yap\u0131m\u0131 ve genetik kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc incelemektedir.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131s\u0131: Enzimler b\u00fcy\u00fck proteinlerdir. Bu protein zincirleri \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00fck\u00fclme ve d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlenmeler yaparak vazife g\u00f6rebilecekleri \u015fekillere girerler. Meydana gelen \u00fc\u00e7 buutlu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131, \u00e7ok hassast\u0131r. Zincirin hi\u00e7bir kimy\u00e2sal ba\u011f\u0131 rastgele de\u011fildir. Bir enzimin bu \u00f6zel yap\u0131s\u0131 (d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc ve k\u0131vr\u0131ml\u0131) kuvvetli asit ve alkalitlerle, s\u0131cakla bozulabilir. 55 oC\u2019nin \u00fczerinde enzimler, genellikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015famazlar (y\u00e2ni bu\u00a0s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00fczerinde p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015farak hay\u00e2tiyetlerini kaybederler). Yap\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 ile protein \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr ve enzim vazife g\u00f6rme k\u00e2biliyetini kaybeder.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Enzimler biyokimy\u00e2sal reaksiyonlar\u0131 katalizleyen, protein yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki kataliz\u00f6r maddelerdir. Ferment olarak da bilinirler. Enzimler, canl\u0131 h\u00fccrelerce genlerin kontrol\u00fcnde meydana getirilirler. Enzimlerin yoklu\u011funda, bir\u00e7ok canl\u0131n\u0131n hayatiyeti i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli olan reaksiyonlar, b\u00e2zan h\u0131z\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[2226,2227],"class_list":["post-2752","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","tag-enzim","tag-enzimler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2752"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2752"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2752\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6556,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2752\/revisions\/6556"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2752"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2752"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2752"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}