Demokratik id\u00e2relerde sosyal s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u00a0dengesinin bozulmas\u0131nda, orta s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131ndaki dayan\u0131\u015fmaya dayanan bir dikta rejimi. Fa\u015fizm\u00a0kelimesinin asl\u0131 L\u00e2tince olup, \u201cdemet\u201d m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131na gelen fasces kelimesinden gelir. Kelime \u0130talyancaya\u00a0fascio\u2019dan t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. Kelime anlam\u0131 olarak, eski Roma devrinde imparatorun arkas\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcyen iki\u00a0cellat\u0131n bir sopa demetinden yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u201cbalta ve sopalar\u201dd\u0131r. Mecaz\u00ee anlam\u0131 ise \u201cbirlik ve kuvvet\u201d\u00a0sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde fa\u015fizm, totaliter bir otorite rejimi olarak tan\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Devlet id\u00e2resinde \u201cdiktat\u00f6rl\u00fck\u201d
\nanlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir kavram olmu\u015ftur. Fa\u015fizm, 1942-1945 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u0130talya\u2019da Benito Mussolini
\ntaraf\u0131ndan kurulan rejimde geni\u015f bir uygulama alan\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. Bu rejim, sosyalizme ve \u00f6zellikle
\nmarksizme kar\u015f\u0131 bir tepki olarak do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Ancak b\u00e2z\u0131 m\u00fcellifler fa\u015fizm k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131na
\nkadar indirmektedirler. Bunlar; Frans\u0131z \u0130htil\u00e2li ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, solcu radikal hareketlere eski h\u00e2kim
\ns\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n g\u00f6sterdikleri muk\u00e2vemeti de fa\u015fizm kelimesinin m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131 i\u00e7ine alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Fa\u015fizm, \u00f6nceleri belli bir doktrinden tam\u00e2men mahrum bir hareket olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u0130ktid\u00e2r\u0131 ele
\nge\u00e7irdikten sonra da, uzun y\u0131llar bu fikir ve doktrin yoksullu\u011fu devam etmi\u015ftir. Daha sonralar\u0131
\nMussolini\u2019nin, fa\u015fizmi bir doktrin \u00fczerine oturtmak istedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Mussolini\u2019nin fa\u015fizmde devlet
\ng\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015fu tek c\u00fcmlede \u00f6zetlenmi\u015ftir:\u201cDevlete kar\u015f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir \u015fey olmaz. Devletin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir
\n\u015fey olmaz.\u201d Demokrasi k\u00e2idelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir sistem olan fa\u015fizmin es\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 devlet\u00e7ilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 te\u015fkil
\netmektedir. Devletin \u00fcst\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir kuvvet yoktur.\u0130nsan ve haklar\u0131 devlet i\u00e7inde bulunduk\u00e7a \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.
\nFelsef\u00ee g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f olarak Georges Sorep\u2019in \u015fiddet doktrininden ve milliyet\u00e7ilik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olarak da Charles
\nMourros ve D\u2019annunzio\u2019nun fikirlerinden etkilenen fa\u015fizmin, din ve ahl\u00e2ka de\u011fer vermesi, n\u00fcfus
\n\u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, d\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 silahlanmaya \u00f6nem vermesi ve mill\u00ee ekonomi
\ngibi prensipleri vard\u0131r. Fa\u015fizm, \u015fahs\u0131 cemiyet menfaatinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda s\u00e2dece bir v\u00e2s\u0131ta olarak
\ng\u00f6r\u00fcr.Ki\u015fi g\u00e2yeye hizmet i\u00e7in i\u015fe yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece kullan\u0131lan, i\u015fe yaramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman da bir kenara
\nb\u0131rak\u0131lan bir \u00e2lettir.Ki\u015fi ancak devletin m\u00fcs\u00e2adesi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde h\u00fcrriyete s\u00e2hib olabilir.
\nFa\u015fizmde siy\u00e2s\u00ee hayata tek bir parti h\u00e2kimdir.M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 ve kapitalizm devam etmekle beraber
\niktis\u00e2d\u00ee organlar siy\u00e2s\u00ee iktid\u00e2r\u0131n mutlak kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ekonominin b\u00fcnyesi kooperatizm esaslar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015fekillendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130talya\u2019da Mussolini\u2019nin,\u0130spanya\u2019da Franco\u2019nun, Portekiz\u2019de Salazar\u2019\u0131n, Avusturya\u2019da Dolfuss\u2019\u00fcn temsil
\nettikleri rejimlerde, kooperatizm ve fa\u015fizm prensiplerine de\u011fi\u015fik derecelerde rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nG\u00fcney-Amerika \u00fclkelerinde fa\u015fizm benzeri diktat\u00f6rl\u00fckler zaman zaman belirmi\u015ftir.\u0130kinci Cihan
\nSava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra, fa\u015fizm kelimesi daha geni\u015f bir anlamda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Nasyonal sosyalizme de,
\nkooperatizm karakteri ta\u015f\u0131mamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, fa\u015fizm etiketi yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Solcularla aktif m\u00fcc\u00e2dele
\nh\u00e2lindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn gruplara bu ismi yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131ranlar \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde,\u0130talya\u2019da fa\u015fizmi yeniden kurmak
\nisteyenlere \u201cneo fa\u015fist\u201d Almanya\u2019dakilere ise \u201cneo nazi\u201d denmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Demokratik id\u00e2relerde sosyal s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u00a0dengesinin bozulmas\u0131nda, orta s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131ndaki dayan\u0131\u015fmaya dayanan bir dikta rejimi. Fa\u015fizm\u00a0kelimesinin asl\u0131 L\u00e2tince olup, \u201cdemet\u201d m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131na gelen fasces kelimesinden gelir. Kelime \u0130talyancaya\u00a0fascio\u2019dan t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. Kelime anlam\u0131 olarak, eski…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[2051],"class_list":["post-2781","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-toplum","tag-fasizm"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2781"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2781"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2781\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7683,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2781\/revisions\/7683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2781"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2781"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2781"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}