{"id":2792,"date":"2012-02-09T01:00:11","date_gmt":"2012-02-08T23:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2792"},"modified":"2018-02-26T01:13:57","modified_gmt":"2018-02-25T23:13:57","slug":"el-fenerini-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2792","title":{"rendered":"El Fenerini kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>El Fenerini kim icat etti.<\/strong> Tipik bir el fenerinde \u00f6nde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ampul, ampul\u00fcn arkas\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 konik b\u00f6lme ve arkas\u0131nda silindirik bir yuvada bir veya daha fazla pil bulunur. El feneri geli\u015fimini, <strong>Georges Leclanh\u00e9s<\/strong>\u2019in kuru pili (1866) ve <strong>Thomas Edison<\/strong>\u2019un <a title=\"Ampul\u00fc kim buldu\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/ampulu-kim-buldu\/\">ampul\u00fc bulmas\u0131na<\/a> bor\u00e7ludur. 1899 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z el fenerlerinden farkl\u0131 bir \u00e7ok el lambas\u0131 geli\u015ftirildi fakat pratikte ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu. Peki el fenerini kim buldu?<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Pili kim buldu\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/pil\/\">Pil <\/a>ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan el lambalar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce hareket halindeyken \u00e7evreyi ayd\u0131nlatmak i\u00e7in me\u015faleler ve gaz lambalar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. 1898 y\u0131l\u0131nda National Carbon \u015firketi el lambalar\u0131nda kullanmak i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015f ilk D h\u00fccreli elektrik pillerini duyurdu.<\/p>\n<p>15 Nisan 1856 Rusya do\u011fumlu <strong>Akiba Horowitz<\/strong>, 1891 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amerika&#8217;ya geldi ve ad\u0131n\u0131 <strong>Conrad Hubert<\/strong> olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Amerikaya geldi\u011fi ilk y\u0131llarda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak i\u00e7in bir puro ma\u011fazas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131, restoranda ve saat tamir i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Elektri\u011fi kim buldu\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/elektrik-kim-buldu\/\">Elektrik <\/a>end\u00fcstrisindeki muazzam geli\u015fmeyi fark ederek American Electrical Novelty &amp; Manufacturing \u015firketini kurdu. Hubert, ta\u015f\u0131nabilir fanlar, cep \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131, \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7ubuklar, hatta \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 saks\u0131 bile geli\u015ftirdi. 1897 y\u0131l\u0131nda el fenerindeki potansiyeli g\u00f6rerek, 1895 y\u0131l\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nabilir elektrik lambas\u0131n\u0131n ve\u00a0 erken bisiklet far\u0131n\u0131n patentlerini alan, ingiliz bir mucit olan David Misell&#8217;i i\u015fe ald\u0131. <strong>Hubert ve David Missel<\/strong> el feneri konusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1898 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 el yap\u0131m\u0131 ilk el fenerini bitirdiler ve 10 Ocak 1899 tarihinde patentini ald\u0131lar.\u00a0 Tasarlanan bu ilk el fenerinin ucunda bir ampul, arkas\u0131nda kaba pirin\u00e7 bir reflekt\u00f6r en arka k\u0131s\u0131mda ise ka\u011f\u0131t t\u00fcp i\u00e7erisinde pil bulunmaktayd\u0131. Tasarlad\u0131klar\u0131 bu el fenerlerinden on tanesini New York polisine hediye ettiler. New York polisinden gelen olumlu referanslar ile\u00a0 1903 y\u0131l\u0131nda, art\u0131k tan\u0131d\u0131k silindirik g\u00f6vdesi i\u00e7erisinde piller, \u00fczerinde a\u00e7ma kapama olan el fenerinin patentini ald\u0131. 1905 y\u0131l\u0131nda piyasaya s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>1906 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hubert \u015firkettinin bir k\u0131s\u0131m hissesini pil \u00fcreticisi National Carbon Company&#8217; e 200.000 $ kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda satt\u0131 ve \u015firketin ad\u0131n\u0131 &#8220;American Ever Ready Company&#8221; olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n<p>1910 y\u0131l\u0131nda nikel g\u00f6vdeli ve tungsten flamanl\u0131 ampul ile \u00fcretilen Eveready ad\u0131 verilen fenerler \u00e7ok pop\u00fcler oldu. 1916 el ferneri i\u00e7in &#8220;Bir Eveready i\u00e7in 101 Kullan\u0131m Alan\u0131&#8221; adl\u0131 bir bro\u015f\u00fcr haz\u0131rland\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri&#8217;nde yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 milyon feneri kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131 ve neredeyse elektrikli ev aletleriyle yar\u0131\u015fan 20.000.000 $&#8217; l\u0131k pil ve fener sat\u0131\u015f rakam\u0131 yakalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1930&#8217;lar\u0131n sonunda, el fenerleri \u00c7in&#8217;de \u00e7ok pop\u00fcler olmu\u015ftu ve 60 \u015firket, Amerika&#8217;daki e\u015fde\u011fer el fenerlerinin \u00fc\u00e7te biri maliyette fenerler \u00fcreterek Amerikan pazar\u0131na girdi.<\/p>\n<p>Amerikan Eveready (\u015fimdi <strong>Energizer<\/strong>) \u015firketinin sahibi olan Conrad Hubert\u00a01928 y\u0131l\u0131nda vefat etti.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El Fenerini kim icat etti. Tipik bir el fenerinde \u00f6nde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ampul, ampul\u00fcn arkas\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 konik b\u00f6lme ve arkas\u0131nda silindirik bir yuvada bir veya daha fazla pil bulunur&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10107,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1505,1506,1502,1503,1507,1508],"class_list":["post-2792","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teknoloji","tag-conrad-hubert","tag-david-misell","tag-el-feneri","tag-el-fenerinin-icadi","tag-energizer","tag-eveready"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2792"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2792"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2792\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5034,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2792\/revisions\/5034"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10107"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2792"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2792"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2792"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}