Gemi genel olarak deniz, nehir ve g\u00f6llerde y\u00fck ve yolcu ta\u015f\u0131mak\u00a0maksad\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131tlara verilen add\u0131r.\u00a0Suda y\u00fczebilen teknelerin, ilk defa ne zaman yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00e2ir t\u00e2rih\u00ee ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar kesin bir bilgi\u00a0vermemekle ber\u00e2ber M.\u00d6. 3000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00e2rih\u00ee belge ve\u00a0bilgiler ancak M.\u00d6. 3000\u2019inci y\u0131llara \u00e2it gemi ve gemi yap\u0131m\u0131ndan bahsetmektedir. Bu t\u00e2rih\u00ee\u00a0ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bilgilere g\u00f6re, ilk tekneler a\u011fa\u00e7 g\u00f6vdelerinden oyulmak s\u00fbretiyle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Daha sonralar\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7tan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kaburgalar \u00fczerine deriler (postlar) sar\u0131larak veya \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u011fa\u00e7 lifleri ile\u00a0kapat\u0131larak \u00eem\u00e2l edilmi\u015ftir. Teknelerde hareket v\u00e2s\u0131tas\u0131 olarak k\u00fcrekler kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6nceleri tek\u00a0olarak kullan\u0131lan k\u00fcrekler, sonralar\u0131 iki veya \u00e7ok say\u0131da olmak \u00fczere artt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fcrekler, r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n\u00a0itici g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan sonra da uzun zaman \u00f6nemini korumu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk yelkenlinin, Nil Nehrinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Uzun zaman tic\u00e2ret gemilerinde esas hareket
\nsistemi yelken, yard\u0131mc\u0131 hareket sistemi olarak da k\u00fcrek kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sava\u015f maksatl\u0131 gemilerde bu
\ndurum tersine idi.<\/p>\n
Akdeniz\u2019de tic\u00e2ret maksatl\u0131 ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck yelkenli gemiler (\u00fc\u00e7 direkli) 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda\u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Amerika\u2019n\u0131n ke\u015ffiyle, b\u00fcy\u00fck gemilerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015f, devletler\u00a0gemi in\u015f\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 desteklemi\u015ftir. \u0130spanyollar b\u00fcy\u00fck ve g\u00f6steri\u015fli gemiler yaparken, \u0130ngilizler k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gemiler\u00a0in\u015f\u00e2 etmi\u015flerdir. Akdeniz\u2019de denizci milletlerden b\u00e2z\u0131lar\u0131 hem y\u00fck, hem de yolcu ta\u015f\u0131yan gemiler\u00a0yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu tip gemilere o zamanlar \u201cgali\u201d ad\u0131 veriliyordu.<\/p>\n
On sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na kadar\u00a0kad\u0131rga denilen harp gemileri varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Yelkenli gemiler 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda en\u00a0m\u00fckemmel \u015fekline ula\u015ft\u0131. Bu arada, Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin de \u00f6nemli tic\u00e2r\u00ee ve asker\u00ee gemi filosuna s\u00e2hip oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir. Bu hal, Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n cihan\u015f\u00fcm\u00fbl bir devlet olma idealine ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
On sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru James Watt taraf\u0131ndan buhar makinalar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesiyle,
\ntecr\u00fcbe i\u00e7in buharl\u0131 gemiler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak \u0130sko\u00e7ya kanallar\u0131nda ve ABD\u2019deki New Jersey
\nnehirlerinde bu tip gemiler \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda tic\u00e2r\u00ee tatbik\u00e2ta
\nge\u00e7ilebilmi\u015ftir. D\u00fczenli seferlere \u00e7\u0131kan ilk buharl\u0131 geminin 1819 y\u0131l\u0131nda Napoli donanmas\u0131ndan I.
\nFerdinando oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir (Akdeniz\u2019de). 1819\u2019da odun yakan buharl\u0131 Savannah gemisi
\nAmerika\u2019dan Avrupa\u2019ya 25 g\u00fcnde gelmi\u015ftir. Ancak bu gemide buhar g\u00fcc\u00fc yan\u0131nda yelkenler de
\nmevc\u00fbd olup, yelken kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda buhar g\u00fcc\u00fcnden faydalan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Yak\u0131ttan tasarruf
\nsa\u011flamak i\u00e7in bu \u015fekilde hareket ediliyordu.<\/p>\n
Gemi yap\u0131m\u0131nda uzun zaman a\u011fa\u00e7 kullan\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130lk sac gemi 1822\u2019de in\u015f\u00e2 edilen Aaron Manby\u2019dir.
\n1838\u2019de \u201cGreat Wester\u201d gemisi t\u00e2rifeli Avrupa-Amerika seferleri yaparak, bu yolculu\u011fu 15 g\u00fcnde
\ntamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1845\u2019de ayn\u0131 firma \u201cGreat Britain\u201d isimli zam\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck gemisini in\u015f\u00e2 etmi\u015ftir.
\n\u0130ngilizler Hindistan s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeleri i\u00e7in daha b\u00fcy\u00fck gemilerin gerekti\u011fine inanarak 1851\u2019de 240 m
\nboyundaki demirden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u201cGreat Eastern\u201di denize indirmi\u015flerdir. Bu gemi ihtiyac\u0131ndan fazla k\u00f6m\u00fcr
\nta\u015f\u0131yabilmi\u015f ve rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gemilere de k\u00f6m\u00fcr verebilmi\u015ftir. Fakat ekonomik olmamas\u0131 sebebiyle daha
\nsonra Kuzey Atlantik hatt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca 1867\u2019de Atlantik\u2019i a\u015fan telefon kablosunun
\nd\u00f6\u015fenmesinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Motor, ilk olarak 1912\u2019de Seelandia isimli bir Danimarka gemisinde denenmi\u015ftir. Birinci ve \u0130kinci D\u00fcny\u00e2
\nsava\u015flar\u0131nda taraflar \u00e7ok say\u0131da gemi kaybetmi\u015f, bu y\u00fczden de sava\u015flar sonunda ser\u00ee halde gemi in\u015f\u00e2
\netmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
On dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131lda gemilerin \u00e7elik malzemeden yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131yla gemi in\u015f\u00e2 san\u00e2yiinde
\nb\u00fcy\u00fck ilerlemeler olmu\u015ftur. Sevk v\u00e2s\u0131tas\u0131 olarak buhar makinalar\u0131, t\u00fcrbinler kullan\u0131larak gemiler g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc
\nh\u00e2le getirilmi\u015ftir. Bu s\u00e2yede \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck tonajlara gidilmi\u015f ve y\u00fcksek h\u0131zlara ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nYine 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kaynak tekni\u011finin geli\u015fmesi ile gemi in\u015f\u00e2s\u0131 \u00e7ok kolayla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde
\ngemi yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcny\u00e2 tic\u00e2retinin s\u00fcratli bir \u015fekilde geli\u015fmesi ile \u00e7ok say\u0131da gemiye\u00a0ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmu\u015f ve de\u011fi\u015fik maksatlara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fik gemiler dizayn edilmi\u015ftir. Dizel motorlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0gemilerde kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flan\u0131lmas\u0131yla bug\u00fcn\u00fcn modern gemilerine gelinmi\u015ftir. Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci\u00a0yar\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00eetib\u00e2ren petrol ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 fevkal\u00e2de boyutlara eri\u015fmi\u015f ve s\u00fcper tankerlerin yap\u0131m\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7\u00a0duyulmu\u015ftur. Tonajlar 100.000 tonlardan 500.000 tonlara \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, hatt\u00e2 Japonya\u2019da b\u00e2z\u0131 ters\u00e2neler\u00a01.000.000 tonluk tankerlerin dizayn\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f ve \u00eemal\u00e2t haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na girmi\u015ftir. Ancak petrol krizinin\u00a0do\u011fmas\u0131 sonucu bu b\u00fcy\u00fck projelerden vazge\u00e7ildi\u011fi gibi tonajlar da 100.000 ton civ\u00e2r\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda yolcu u\u00e7aklar\u0131 hen\u00fcz tam anlam\u0131yla geli\u015fmemi\u015fken, Avrupa-Amerika
\naras\u0131nda yolcu naklini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek \u00fczere \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ve konforlu, y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 transatlantikler
\nyap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir \u015fehir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc arz eden ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc l\u00fcks\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu bu gemiler, \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek h\u0131zlara
\nula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen u\u00e7aklar\u0131n devreye girmesiyle karakter de\u011fi\u015ftirerek yolcu nakli yerine turistik
\nmaksatl\u0131 gezinti gemileri h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece seyir hatlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f, bunun yan\u0131s\u0131ra boyutlar\u0131
\nk\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclerek h\u0131zlar\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Gemi genel olarak deniz, nehir ve g\u00f6llerde y\u00fck ve yolcu ta\u015f\u0131mak\u00a0maksad\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131tlara verilen add\u0131r.\u00a0Suda y\u00fczebilen teknelerin, ilk defa ne zaman yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00e2ir t\u00e2rih\u00ee ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar kesin bir bilgi\u00a0vermemekle ber\u00e2ber M.\u00d6….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10099,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345,24],"tags":[962],"class_list":["post-2839","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-askeri","category-gezi","tag-gemi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2839"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2839"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2839\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10100,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2839\/revisions\/10100"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10099"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2839"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2839"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2839"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}