Germanyum, dikkat \u00e7ekici derecede elektrik \u00f6zelliklerine sahip g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f grisi renginde metalik g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc bir elementtir. Sembol\u00fc Ge\u2019dir. Yar\u0131metalik, yani metal ile ametaller aras\u0131nda \u00f6zellikler g\u00f6sterir. Peryodik cetvelde d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc grupta olup, silisyum ve kalay aras\u0131nda bulunur. Elmas atomuna benzer kristalle\u015fme g\u00f6sterir. Atom numaras\u0131 32 ve atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 72,59\u2019dur.<\/p>\n
Germanyum elementinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk defa 1871\u2019de Dimitri Mendeleyev<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan tahmin etmi\u015ftir. 1886\u2019da Alman kimyac\u0131 Clemens Winkler<\/strong>, s\u00fclfitli mineral argiroditi analiz ederek, \u015fimdiye kadar rastlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir element elde etti.\u00a0\u00dclkesine itafen buldu\u011fu elemente germanyum ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\n Germanyum nadir elementlerden olup, yer kabu\u011funda % 0,004-0,0007 oran\u0131nda bulunur. Yer kabu\u011funda yo\u011fun olarak bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, germanyumun elde edilmesi olduk\u00e7a zordur.Yer kabu\u011funda bulunan elementlerin miktar olarak otuz alt\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Hi\u00e7bir zaman serbest halde bulunmaz.<\/p>\n Germanyum, \u00e7inkonun safla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak elde edilir. Burada elde edilen germanyum s\u00fclf\u00fcr (GeS2) hidrojen veya karbon ile indirgenir. Yine germanyum, yumu\u015fak katranl\u0131 m\u00e2den k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yak\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak elde edilir.<\/p>\n Germanyum 1945\u2019ten \u00eetib\u00e2ren \u00e7ok \u00f6nem kazanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Yar\u0131metal olan germanyum, yar\u0131 iletkendir. Yani elektriksel iletkenli\u011fi metal ile ametaller aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Saf germanyum, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda yal\u0131tkan, oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda zay\u0131f iletken gibi hareket eder. Bu \u00f6zelliklerinden dolay\u0131 elektronik sanayi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli elementtir. Germanyumlu aletler, vakum t\u00fcplerinin yerini ald\u0131. Germanyum Germanyum diyotlar\u0131 ince disk \u015feklinde ve \u00e7ok ince telden ibarettir. Bunlar birbirlerine birle\u015ftirilir. Bir plastik i\u00e7ine konularak \u0131s\u0131 ve nemden korunur. Bu b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fczen bir m\u0131s\u0131r tanesi b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndedir. Transist\u00f6rlerin, i\u015fitme cihazlar\u0131 gibi cihazlarda \u00e7ok faydal\u0131 olduklar\u0131 ortaya konmu\u015ftur. Bilgisayarlarla transist\u00f6rlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 basitle\u015fmi\u015f, ayn\u0131 zamanda yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Germanyum, dikkat \u00e7ekici derecede elektrik \u00f6zelliklerine sahip g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f grisi renginde metalik g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc bir elementtir. Sembol\u00fc Ge\u2019dir. Yar\u0131metalik, yani metal ile ametaller aras\u0131nda \u00f6zellikler g\u00f6sterir. Peryodik cetvelde d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc grupta olup, silisyum…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[1485,1226,1484],"class_list":["post-2847","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","tag-clemens-winkler","tag-dimitri-mendeleyev","tag-germanyum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2847"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2847"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2847\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6628,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2847\/revisions\/6628"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2847"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2847"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2847"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nile transist\u00f6rl\u00fc \u00e2aletler yayg\u0131n kullanma alan\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. Diyotlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Transist\u00f6r ve diyotlar, basit ve uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e2letler olup, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131rlar ve az \u0131s\u0131 yayarlar. Is\u0131t\u0131lacak bir flaman olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, hemen devreye girerler. Germanyum 1960\u2019lar\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru g\u00e2yeye en uygun ve ucuz oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in radyo ve di\u011fer ses iletim cihazlar\u0131nda, y\u00fcksek voltaj ve y\u00fcksek g\u00fc\u00e7 kapasitesine s\u00e2hib oldu\u011fundan da televizyon ve bilgisayarlarda kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n