Grav\u00fcr Sanat\u0131 maden,\u00a0tahta veya ta\u015f y\u00fczeyler \u00fczerine \u00e7izgiler oyarak resim yapmak, \u015fekiller meydana getirmek sanat\u0131d\u0131r. En\u00a0\u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fidi tahta \u00fczerine oyularak yap\u0131lan\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00c7in\u2019de grav\u00fcr yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Avrupa\u2019da ise ancak 15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flar. Bu\u00a0d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131lan grav\u00fcrler s\u00e2dece d\u0131\u015f ve kenar \u00e7izgilerinin \u00e7izilmesiyle yap\u0131lan kaba resimlerden\u00a0ib\u00e2retti.<\/p>\n
Geli\u015fen grav\u00fcr sanat\u0131, y\u00fczy\u0131l i\u00e7inde g\u00fczel eserler vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. On alt\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n
\nba\u015flar\u0131nda usta grav\u00fcrc\u00fcler yeti\u015fti. D\u00fcrer, eserleri grav\u00fcr yoluyla \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lan ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck ressam oldu.
\nGrav\u00fcr sanat\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesinde matbaan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Grav\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u00fck \u00f6zel bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve
\nk\u00e2biliyet isteyen bir i\u015ftir. Bask\u0131da beyaz \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 istenen yerlerde tahtan\u0131n oyulmas\u0131, siyah yerler i\u00e7in
\nise y\u00fcksek b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 icab eder. Birka\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fit keski kullanarak bu i\u015fi yapmak b\u00fcy\u00fck dikkat ve sab\u0131r
\nister.<\/p>\n
Ressam, yapaca\u011f\u0131 resmi evvel\u00e2 bir \u015feffaf k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerine f\u0131r\u00e7a ile yaparak kaz\u0131 sanatk\u00e2r\u0131na (hakk\u00e2ka)
\nverir. O da k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131n resim olan y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc bir tahta takoz \u00fczerine yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bu tahtalar umumiyetle kiraz
\na\u011fac\u0131ndan olup a\u011fac\u0131n suyu boyunca kesilerek \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan par\u00e7alard\u0131r. Resim kaz\u0131c\u0131 her \u00e7izgiyi kabar\u0131k
\nolarak, y\u00e2ni y\u00fcksekte b\u0131rakmak suretiyle etraf\u0131n\u0131 oyar. Matbaac\u0131 bu tahta \u00fczerine m\u00fcrekkep veya boya
\ns\u00fcrer ve nemli bir k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131 bunun \u00fczerine tatbik ederek k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131n arka taraf\u0131ndan \u201cbaren\u201d denilen bir nevi
\ntamponu basarak s\u00fcrtmek suretiyle boyalar\u0131 k\u00e2\u011f\u0131da ge\u00e7irdikten sonra k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131r. Boyal\u0131 grav\u00fcrleri
\nbasmak i\u00e7in ne kadar renk l\u00e2z\u0131m ise o kadar da levha yap\u0131l\u0131r ve kal\u0131plar\u0131n kenarlar\u0131ndaki ni\u015fanlar esas
\ntutularak ayn\u0131 k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerine ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 bas\u0131l\u0131r. Boyalar daima su ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu tarzda resimleri basmak i\u00e7in gerek ressam, gerek basmac\u0131 ve gerekse kaz\u0131c\u0131 sanatk\u00e2r\u0131n i\u015fbirli\u011fi
\nyapmalar\u0131 ve birbirleriyle anla\u015fmalar\u0131 l\u00e2z\u0131md\u0131r. Bu sebeple grav\u00fcrler yaln\u0131z ressamlar\u0131n de\u011fil onlar\u0131
\nbasan ve kazanlar\u0131n da bir eseri say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
M\u00e2den levhalar \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan grav\u00fcrler, yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f tekniklerine g\u00f6re, de\u011fi\u015fik isimler al\u0131rlar. M\u00e2den
\n\u00fczerine yap\u0131lanlarda en \u00e7ok bak\u0131r kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Sanatk\u00e2r, bak\u0131r \u00fczerine \u00e7elik kalemlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak
\ngrav\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yapar. Kimyev\u00ee maddelerle m\u00e2denleri etkileyerek yap\u0131lan grav\u00fcr daha \u00e7ok z\u0131rh ve sil\u00e2hlar\u0131n
\ns\u00fcslenmesinde sonralar\u0131 da resim \u00e7o\u011faltmada kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tipo bask\u0131 tekni\u011finin \u00f6nemli bir arac\u0131 olan
\nkli\u015fe de bu cins bir grav\u00fcrd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Grav\u00fcr Sanat\u0131 maden,\u00a0tahta veya ta\u015f y\u00fczeyler \u00fczerine \u00e7izgiler oyarak resim yapmak, \u015fekiller meydana getirmek sanat\u0131d\u0131r. En\u00a0\u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fidi tahta \u00fczerine oyularak yap\u0131lan\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00c7in\u2019de grav\u00fcr yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Avrupa\u2019da ise ancak…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[2034],"class_list":["post-2874","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eglence","tag-gravur"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2874"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2874"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2874\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10059,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2874\/revisions\/10059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2874"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2874"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2874"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}