{"id":2908,"date":"2012-01-16T23:35:17","date_gmt":"2012-01-16T21:35:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2908"},"modified":"2016-12-25T23:24:26","modified_gmt":"2016-12-25T21:24:26","slug":"haliyi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=2908","title":{"rendered":"Hal\u0131’y\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hal\u0131, renkli y\u00fcn, ipek veya ba\u015fka maddelerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ipliklerden tezgahta dokunarak evlerde kullan\u0131lan yere serilen veya duvara as\u0131lan bir e\u015fyad\u0131r. Hal\u0131y\u0131 ilk dokuyan T\u00fcrkler<\/strong>dir. Sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130ran yolu ile Avrupa\u2019ya ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \u00d6nce Fransa\u2019da 732 y\u0131l\u0131nda hal\u0131 dokunmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, sonra \u0130spanya ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019de hal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130ngilizler T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den U\u015fak hal\u0131lar\u0131 getirterek ve bunlardan istifade ederek \u00fclkelerinde hal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Avrupa\u2019da \u00f6nce duvar hal\u0131lar\u0131 dokunup sonra hal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fmesi ile yer hal\u0131lar\u0131 dokunmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Amerika\u2019ya hal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menler g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Burada ilk hal\u0131 fabrikas\u0131 1791\u2019de kurulmu\u015ftur. Fransa\u2019da ise 1626\u2019da kurulmu\u015ftur. Frans\u0131z hal\u0131lar\u0131nda T\u00fcrklerden g\u00f6r\u00fcp \u00f6\u011frendikleri U\u015fak d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. T\u00fcrklerde ise, hal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k Orta Asya\u2019da ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve g\u00f6\u00e7lerle, Anadolu\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk hal\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fcnyaca me\u015fhurdur.<\/p>\n

Eski hal\u0131lar ke\u00e7i k\u0131l\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu hal\u0131lar \u00e7ad\u0131r olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Sonralar\u0131 T\u00fcrklerde g\u00f6\u00e7ebe hayat bitip s\u00fcrekli yerle\u015fim yerleri yap\u0131l\u0131nca, hal\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitleri y\u00fcn ve ipek olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Eski hal\u0131lar genellikle sar\u0131, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve kurum renginden meydana gelen desenlerle s\u00fcsl\u00fc olurdu. Fig\u00fcrleri \u00e7ok ilgi \u00e7ekici idi. T\u00fcrkler atk\u0131l\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc dokumay\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi yaparlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130pekli hal\u0131n\u0131n yurdu \u00c7in, y\u00fcnl\u00fc hal\u0131n\u0131nki ise Orta Asya\u2019d\u0131r. \u0130ran hal\u0131lar\u0131 ise T\u00fcrk ve \u00c7in motiflerinin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan meydana gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Eski Yunan kaynaklar\u0131 Babil ve \u0130ran\u2019da yumu\u015fak hal\u0131lar\u0131n dokundu\u011fundan s\u00f6z eder. Ancak bu kaynaklarda d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc hal\u0131dan bahsedilmemektedir. D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc hal\u0131y\u0131 kaz\u0131larda ilk defa 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sovyet arkeolo\u011fu Rudenko bulmu\u015ftur. Rudenko\u2019nun Altay Da\u011flar\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaz\u0131larda, 2000 y\u0131l buzlar aras\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc hal\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Milattan \u00f6nce be\u015finci y\u00fczy\u0131la ait olan bu hal\u0131 \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan incelemede, bu hal\u0131n\u0131n bir desimetre karesinde 3600 ilmek say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Desenlerdeki incelik, at ve geyik fig\u00fcrlerindeki stilizeyle dikkat \u00e7eken Pazirik<\/strong> adl\u0131 bu hal\u0131, \u015fimdi Leningrad m\u00fczesindedir ve eski T\u00fcrklere \u00e2ittir.<\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019ya hal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sel\u00e7uklular getirmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrklerde hal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, Sel\u00e7uklular devrinde en parlak zaman\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Konya hal\u0131lar\u0131, Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n hal\u0131 sanat\u0131na \u00f6rnektir. \u00d6zellikle Konya-Al\u00e2add\u00een C\u00e2miindeki hal\u0131lar, bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en de\u011ferli hal\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. On sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra Osmanl\u0131larda hal\u0131lar, dokundu\u011fu yerin ad\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6zelliklerini alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Mesela U\u015fak, Bergama, Kula, G\u00f6rdes, Konya, Hereke, Sivas, Isparta, Kayseri, B\u00fcnyan gibi. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu Anadolu hal\u0131lar\u0131, bat\u0131da ressamlara konu olmu\u015f, Anadolu hal\u0131lar\u0131,\u00a0 \u201cressamlar hal\u0131s\u0131\u201d ad\u0131yla an\u0131lagelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hal\u0131, renkli y\u00fcn, ipek veya ba\u015fka maddelerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ipliklerden tezgahta dokunarak evlerde kullan\u0131lan yere serilen veya duvara as\u0131lan bir e\u015fyad\u0131r. Hal\u0131y\u0131 ilk dokuyan T\u00fcrklerdir. Sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130ran yolu ile Avrupa\u2019ya…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[1168,1487],"class_list":["post-2908","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ev","tag-hali","tag-halicilik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2908"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2908"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2908\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7092,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2908\/revisions\/7092"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2908"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2908"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2908"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}