{"id":292,"date":"2010-12-23T22:50:40","date_gmt":"2010-12-23T20:50:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=292"},"modified":"2018-08-25T19:17:32","modified_gmt":"2018-08-25T17:17:32","slug":"barometreyi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=292","title":{"rendered":"Barometreyi kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Barometre a\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7meye yarayan cival\u0131 ve metal olmak \u00fczere iki \u00e7e\u015fidi olan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm aletidir. Barometre 1644 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130talyan fizik\u00e7i Evangelista Torricelli<\/strong> <\/a>taraf\u0131ndan icat edilmi\u015ftir. Toricelli 1643 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6len Galileo’nun yapmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir deneyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Madenciler, \u00e7e\u015fitli denemelerden sonra bir tek pompayla suyu 10 metreden daha fazla \u00e7\u0131karamayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 anlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine Galileo, yo\u011funlu\u011fu daha fazla olan bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6rne\u011fin c\u0131van\u0131n, bir t\u00fcp i\u00e7inde daha kolayl\u0131kla, ancak daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ek i\u00e7inde y\u00fckseltilebilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Barometreyi kim icat etti<\/h2>\n

Evangelista Torricelli<\/strong>, arkada\u015f\u0131 Vincenzo Viviani<\/strong> ile birlikte bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi uygulamaya karar verdi. 90 santimetre uzunlu\u011funda bir cam t\u00fcp\u00fcn alt ucunu kapatt\u0131ktan sonra, i\u00e7ini c\u0131va ile doldurdu. T\u00fcp\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131k ucunu parma\u011f\u0131 ile kapatt\u0131 ve alt\u0131 \u00fcste gelecek \u015fekilde \u00e7evirdi. Sonra bu a\u00e7\u0131k ucu, c\u0131va dolu bir kab\u0131n i\u00e7ine dald\u0131rd\u0131. Parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi zaman, t\u00fcp\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki c\u0131van\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011finde belirli bir d\u00fc\u015fme oldu. Ancak yine de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, belirli bir noktadan sonra durdu. Ku\u015fkusuz, c\u0131vay\u0131 tutan bir \u015fey vard\u0131. Torricelli, bunu havan\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Hava, c\u0131va ile dolu hazne \u00fczerinde bir bask\u0131 yap\u0131yor, bu bask\u0131 da c\u0131va y\u00fcksekli\u011finin belirli bir d\u00fczeyde kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. B\u00f6ylece Torricelli, hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7meye yarayan ilk barometreyi yapm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Cival\u0131 Barometreler<\/h2>\n

Tori\u00e7elli ( 1608-1647) deneyi sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cival\u0131 barometreleri de \u00e7anakl\u0131 ve sifonlu olarak iki b\u00f6l\u00fcme ay\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00c7anakl\u0131 bir barometrede 100 cm uzunlu\u011funda 1 cm2 kesitinde bir cam boru, bir civa \u00e7ana\u011f\u0131 ve borudaki civa s\u00fctununun y\u00fcksekli\u011fini \u00f6l\u00e7meye yarayan cetvel mevcuttur. Borunun bir ucu a\u00e7\u0131k, di\u011fer ucu kapal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7inde hava kalmayacak\u00a0\u015fekilde tamamen civa ile doldurulur. A\u00e7\u0131k u\u00e7 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya gelecek \u015fekilde civa \u00e7ana\u011f\u0131na bat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Cam borudaki civa seviyesi yava\u015f yava\u015f d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n

Deney deniz seviyesindeki bir mahalde yap\u0131l\u0131rsa 76 santimetreye gelince durur. Seviye daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fmez. Havan\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 cam boru i\u00e7erisindeki 76 cm y\u00fckseklikte bulunan civa s\u00fctununun a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na e\u015fit demektir.<\/p>\n

Sifonlu barometrelerde takriben 110 cm uzunlu\u011funda bir ucu uzun, di\u011fer ucu k\u0131sa -U- \u015feklinde cam boru kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Uzun olan kolun y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 100 cm ve ucu kapal\u0131d\u0131r. Civa \u00e7ana\u011f\u0131 yoktur. Bunun yerini 18 cm y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki k\u0131sa kol al\u0131r. K\u0131sa kolun ucu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Uzun kol civa ile tamamen doldurulduktan
\nsonra ters \u00e7evrilerek d\u00fc\u015fey olarak tutulunca, civa seviyesi 76 santimetreye kadar inerken k\u0131sa koldaki civa bir miktar y\u00fckselir. A\u00e7\u0131k u\u00e7lu k\u0131sa borunun \u00e7ap\u0131 kapal\u0131 u\u00e7lu uzun borunun \u00e7ap\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in civan\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Cival\u0131\u00a0 barometreler a\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 en emniyetli \u015fekilde \u00f6l\u00e7ebilen ve zamanla bozulmayan aletlerdir. Bu hususiyetinden dolay\u0131 meteoroloji istasyonlar\u0131nda ve laboratuvarlarda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. Pahal\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle ta\u015f\u0131ma zorlu\u011funun bulunmas\u0131 belli ba\u015fl\u0131 dezavantajlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Metal Barometreler<\/h2>\n

A\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131, pratik olarak metal barometre ile de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Hassasiyeti her ne kadar cival\u0131lar gibi uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc de\u011filse de, bas\u0131n\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda bize fikir verir. G\u00f6stergeli ve yaz\u0131c\u0131 olanlar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. Yay\u0131n esnekli\u011finden istifade edilerek yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bas\u0131nc\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle yay\u0131n \u015fekli de\u011fi\u015fir. Bu \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi bir kadran \u00f6n\u00fcnde hareket kabiliyetine sahip bir ibreye nakledilir. Yay, havas\u0131 k\u0131smen bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f madeni kutu i\u00e7inde bulunur. Bu kutunun kapaklar\u0131, atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n uygulayaca\u011f\u0131 kuvvetin daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olmas\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ibrenin daha fazla hareket edebilmesi i\u00e7in esnek bir metalden dalgal\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Zamanla yaylar\u0131n esnekli\u011fi bozulunca barometre hata yapabilir. O zaman cival\u0131 barometrelerle ayarlamak gerekir. Bir da\u011f\u0131n tepesindeki bas\u0131n\u00e7 ile ete\u011findeki bas\u0131n\u00e7 birbirinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu sebepten barometreler deniz seviyesinden itibaren irtifa (y\u00fckseklik) \u00f6l\u00e7me i\u015finde de kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Takriben her 10,5 m y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e barometre bas\u0131nc\u0131 1 mm civa s\u00fctunu bas\u0131nc\u0131 kadar d\u00fc\u015fer. E\u011fer bas\u0131nc\u0131 1 cm civa s\u00fctunu kadar d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcyse, deniz seviyesinden 105 metre yukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f demektir. Bu gaye ile kullan\u0131lan ve kadran\u0131nda bas\u0131n\u00e7 yerine y\u00fckseklik yazan barometreye \u201caltimetre<\/strong>\u201d ad\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Barometre a\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7meye yarayan cival\u0131 ve metal olmak \u00fczere iki \u00e7e\u015fidi olan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm aletidir. Barometre 1644 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130talyan fizik\u00e7i Evangelista Torricelli taraf\u0131ndan icat edilmi\u015ftir. Toricelli 1643 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6len…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10483,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[1392,217,1179,1178,2794,2795],"class_list":["post-292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","tag-altimetre","tag-barometre","tag-basinc","tag-basinc-olcer","tag-evangelista-torricelli","tag-vincenzo-viviani"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/292"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=292"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/292\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11715,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/292\/revisions\/11715"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10483"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=292"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=292"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=292"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}