Her y\u00f6nde d\u00f6nen ve yaln\u0131z k\u00fctle merkezi sabit olan bir k\u00fctle veya tekerle\u011fe jiroskop denilmektedir. Gemilerin hareketini kontrol i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi silah y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi kontrol\u00fcnde ve y\u00f6n tayininde de jiroskoptan faydalan\u0131l\u0131r. Esas olarak jiroskop, bir tekerlek veya d\u00f6nen bir silindir, rotor ve eksenden ibarettir. Eksen, rotor i\u00e7inde d\u00f6nebilece\u011fi bir \u00e7ember \u00fczerine yataklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7ember ise dik a\u00e7\u0131 yapacak \u015fekilde ba\u015fka bir d\u0131\u015f \u00e7embere kenetlenmi\u015ftir. Son d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ember ise hem i\u00e7 hem de d\u0131\u015f \u00e7emberle dik a\u00e7\u0131 yapan bir \u00e7er\u00e7eveye oturtulmu\u015ftur. Rotorun d\u00f6nmesi g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmazsa jiroskop iki serbestlik derecesine sahiptir. Yani alet, hem d\u00fc\u015fey ve hem de yatay eksen etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nebilecektir.<\/p>\n
D\u00f6nmedi\u011fi durumda, jiroskopun \u00f6zelli\u011fi belirgin de\u011fildir. S\u00e2dece a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k merkezi de\u011fi\u015fmeden her do\u011frultuya d\u00f6nebilen bir d\u00fczendir. Ancak rotor d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde jiroskopun \u00f6zelliklerinden biri hemen ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar, \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015ftirmez bir durum al\u0131r. Ekseni, durdu\u011fu yer ne kadar oynat\u0131l\u0131rsa oynat\u0131ls\u0131n do\u011frultusunu muh\u00e2faza eder. Bu \u00f6zelli\u011fe jiroskopik atalet denir. Bu atalet a\u00e7\u0131sal h\u0131za, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7apa ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. En b\u00fcy\u00fck tesir, k\u00fctlesi kenarlar\u0131nda toplanm\u0131\u015f ve h\u0131zl\u0131 d\u00f6nen k\u00fctleler i\u00e7in elde edilir. \u0130kinci \u00f6zelli\u011fi ise, kuvvet tatbikiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Yatay eksen do\u011frultusunda tatbik edilecek bir kuvvet, jiroskopun muk\u00e2vemeti ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r ve yatay eksen etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nmek yerine eksen etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6ner. Tersine olarak d\u00fc\u015fey eksen y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kuvvet tatbik edildi\u011finde ise, jiroskop\u00a0kar\u015f\u0131 koyar ve yatay eksen etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6ner.<\/p>\n
Jiroskop kendisine has bir \u00e2let olup, d\u0131\u015f etkenlerden yer \u00e7ekiminden ve merkezka\u00e7 kuvvetinden etkilenmeyen bir referans ekseni sa\u011flar. Jiroskopun pratik b\u00fct\u00fcn uygulamalar\u0131 yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen iki \u00f6zelli\u011fe dayan\u0131r. Ancak tek ba\u015f\u0131na n\u00e2diren kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Tabiatta \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde uygulamas\u0131 uzun zamand\u0131r mevcut olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar hakk\u0131nda pek az \u015fey bilinmekteydi.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n kendisi, uzayda ekvatoru yakla\u015f\u0131k 1600 km\/saat h\u0131zla d\u00f6nen bir jiroskoptur. \u0130ki kanatl\u0131 b\u00f6ceklerde bulunan \u201c\u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck u\u00e7u\u015f kontrol\u00fc jiroskoplar\u0131\u201d ise \u00e7ubuk \u015feklinde olup, d\u00f6nme yerine titre\u015firler. Bu \u00e7e\u015fit jiroskoplar laboratuarda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6zellikleri tesbit edilmi\u015ftir. Ancak, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan jiroskoplar tekerlek tipinde d\u00f6nel olanlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Frans\u0131z Jean Bernard Leon Foucault 1852\u2019de d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu alete jiroskop ismini vermi\u015ftir. Ancak devaml\u0131 d\u00f6nmeyi tatbik edecek bir teknik meydana gelmedi\u011finden yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 60 y\u0131l jiroskop matematik\u00e7ilerin oyunca\u011f\u0131 olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gemilerde \u00e7elik kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a ma\u011fnetik pusulaya g\u00fcven azalm\u0131\u015f ve jiroskopik pusula \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6nce Almanya\u2019da ve daha sonra Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletlerinde uygulama sahas\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gemi ve u\u00e7aklar\u0131n hareketlerini kontrol etmek i\u00e7in jiroskopik \u00e2letler geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Gemilerde yalpa hareketlerini \u00f6nleyen jiroskoplar, ayr\u0131ca torpidolara da y\u00f6n vermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. 1943\u2019te deniz toplar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6nlendirilmesinde istif\u00e2de edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131, jiroskopun h\u0131zla geli\u015fmesini zorlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Jiroskop u\u00e7aklarda, otomatik u\u00e7u\u015f kontrol\u00fcnde ve rota tesbitinde \u00f6nemli kullan\u0131\u015f alan\u0131na sahiptir. Yeralt\u0131nda ise petrol kuyular\u0131n\u0131n ekseninin \u015fa\u015fmamas\u0131, \u00f6nemli durumlarda jiroskoplarla sa\u011flan\u0131r. Roket, f\u00fcze ve g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc n\u00fckleer f\u00fczelerin hassas h\u0131z ve ivme \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerinde jiroskop vazge\u00e7ilmez bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerde kullan\u0131lan hassas aletlerin yaln\u0131z harekete ait de\u011ferleri \u00f6l\u00e7mesi istenildi\u011finden dolay\u0131 yer\u00e7ekimi etkisinin g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmamas\u0131 gerekir. Bu ise jiroskop ile sa\u011flan\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn yer\u00e7ekimine dik olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fc \u00e2letlerinin konuldu\u011fu tablan\u0131n kullan\u0131lan bir ka\u00e7 jiroskopla yatay iki eksen etraf\u0131nda kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Rota i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan i\u00e7 jiroskoplar\u0131n \u00e7aplar\u0131 2,5 cm ile 10 cm aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Jiroskopik pusulalar ise 27 cm \u00e7ap\u0131nda olup dakikada 6000 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yaparlar. En b\u00fcy\u00fck jiroskoplardan biri de 41.600 tonluk \u201cConte di Savoia\u201d yolcu gemisinde kullan\u0131lan 30 metreyi a\u015fk\u0131n \u00e7aptaki jiroskoptur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Her y\u00f6nde d\u00f6nen ve yaln\u0131z k\u00fctle merkezi sabit olan bir k\u00fctle veya tekerle\u011fe jiroskop denilmektedir. Gemilerin hareketini kontrol i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi silah y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi kontrol\u00fcnde ve y\u00f6n tayininde de jiroskoptan faydalan\u0131l\u0131r….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345,92],"tags":[1537,939],"class_list":["post-2968","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-askeri","category-bilim","tag-jean-bernard-leon-foucault","tag-jiroskop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2968"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2968"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2968\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6447,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2968\/revisions\/6447"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2968"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2968"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2968"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}