{"id":307,"date":"2011-12-24T16:06:56","date_gmt":"2011-12-24T14:06:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=307"},"modified":"2018-02-26T03:11:59","modified_gmt":"2018-02-26T01:11:59","slug":"antibiyotigi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=307","title":{"rendered":"Antibiyoti\u011fi kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bir mikroorganizma taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ve ba\u015fka mikroorganizmalar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcren veya \u00fcremelerine mani olan maddelere <strong>antibiyortik<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilmektedir. Say\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00fczleri bulan ve \u00e7o\u011fu ticarette kullan\u0131lmayan antibiyotiklerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 do\u011fal maddelerden yar\u0131 sentetik olarak imal edilmektedir. Bug\u00fcn bu yar\u0131 sentetik maddeler de antibiyotik genel ismi alt\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fal antibiyotikler bitkilerde, \u00f6zellikle k\u00fcf mantarlar\u0131nda bulunurlar.<\/p>\n<p>Antibiyotikler\u00a0 mikroplu hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lan ve y\u0131llar \u00f6ncesinden bilinen en etkili ila\u00e7lard\u0131r. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte, insan v\u00fccudundaki bakterilerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 do\u011fal antibiyotiklerle yok edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu. Buna en iyi \u00f6rnek, yurdumuzun do\u011fu b\u00f6lgesinde, \u00e7\u0131banlar\u0131n peynir k\u00fcf\u00fc ile tedavi edilmesi g\u00f6sterilmektedir.<\/p>\n<h2>Antibiyotikleri kim ke\u015ffetti<\/h2>\n<p>1928 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Londra&#8217;n\u0131n St. Mary&#8217;s Hastanesi&#8217;nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Prof. <strong>AIexander Fleming<\/strong>, t\u0131p tarihinde devrim yaratan ilk antibiyoti\u011fi, yani &#8220;penisilin&#8221;i bir rastlant\u0131 sonucu buldu. Bir k\u00fcf par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n tesad\u00fcfen bir bakteri k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015fmesi\u00a0 antibiyotiklerin ke\u015ffine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Sir Alexander Flemming, k\u00fcf\u00fcn, yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki bakterileri \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve bu k\u00fcf\u00fcn \u00e7ok bulunan <strong>penicillum<\/strong> cinsinden oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Daha sonraki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda bu k\u00fcften meydana gelen kimyasal maddelerin insan v\u00fccuduna zarar vermedi\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n<h2>Penisilin<\/h2>\n<p>Antibiyotiklerdeki bu geli\u015fme; zat\u00fcrre, zat\u00fclcenb, frengi gibi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli hastal\u0131klar\u0131n tedavisinde b\u00fcy\u00fck kolayl\u0131klar sa\u011flad\u0131. Ancak Fleming, bu b\u00fcy\u00fck ke\u015ffiyle elde etti\u011fi maddenin uzun s\u00fcre kal\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015faramad\u0131. Penisilinin mikrop \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc \u00f6zellikleri, birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde ortadan kayboluyordu. 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda Oxford \u00dcniversitesi&#8217;nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren iki bilim adam\u0131, Avusturya as\u0131ll\u0131 <strong>Howard Florey<\/strong> ve Alman as\u0131ll\u0131 <strong>Ernst Chain<\/strong>, penisilinin \u00f6zelliklerinin kal\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131lar. 1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Fleming, Florey ve Chain, Nobel T\u0131p \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc&#8217;n\u00fc payla\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<h2>Kimyasal Antibiyotikler<\/h2>\n<p>\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara h\u0131z verildi. Antibiyotiklerin bol ve ucuz bir \u015fekilde elde edilmesine ba\u015fland\u0131. Zamanla kimyasal olarak da antibiyotikler elde edildi. Mesela kloramfenikol bu \u015fekilde elde edilen bir antibiyotiktir. Say\u0131lar\u0131 gittik\u00e7e artan antibiyotiklerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen hastal\u0131k yap\u0131c\u0131 mikroorganizmalar tamamen ma\u011flup edilememi\u015ftir. Mikroorganizma, antibiyoti\u011fe do\u011fal diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterebildi\u011fi gibi, bu\u00a0 direnci sonradan da kazanabilmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bir mikroorganizma taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ve ba\u015fka mikroorganizmalar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcren veya \u00fcremelerine mani olan maddelere antibiyortik ad\u0131 verilmektedir. Say\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00fczleri bulan ve \u00e7o\u011fu ticarette kullan\u0131lmayan antibiyotiklerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 do\u011fal maddelerden yar\u0131 sentetik&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10192,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92,18],"tags":[1354,226,2766,1175,2765,1177],"class_list":["post-307","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","category-saglik","tag-aiexander-fleming","tag-antibiyotik","tag-ernst-chain","tag-hap","tag-howard-florey","tag-ilac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/307"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=307"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/307\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6665,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/307\/revisions\/6665"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10192"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=307"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=307"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=307"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}