{"id":3078,"date":"2012-12-13T03:35:08","date_gmt":"2012-12-13T01:35:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3078"},"modified":"2016-12-25T14:43:12","modified_gmt":"2016-12-25T12:43:12","slug":"kalayi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3078","title":{"rendered":"Kalay’\u0131 kim buldu, kim ke\u015ffetti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yumu\u015fak, haddelenebilir (tel ve levha h\u00e2line gelebilir), g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00a0beyazl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda metalik bir element. T\u00e2rih\u00e7esi m\u00eel\u00e2ttan \u00f6nce 3000 y\u0131llar\u0131na dayan\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r<\/strong>\u2019da ve\u00a0Mezopotamya<\/strong>\u2019da bronz ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda kalay kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00eel\u00e2ttan \u00f6nce 2000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda bak\u0131r orta\u00a0do\u011fuda tam kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde kalay\u0131n kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131. Bu tarihlerde kalay, \u0130ran ve Kafkasya\u2019da elde\u00a0ediliyordu.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcny\u00e2da Malezya, Bolivya, Tayland, Endonezya,\u00a0Nijerya, Kongo (Kin\u015fasa) ve \u00c7in\u2019de i\u015fletilmesi ekonomik olan kalay yataklar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Filizi i\u00e7inde demir, k\u00fck\u00fcrt, tungsten, nikel, tantalum, arsenik, kur\u015fun, bak\u0131r ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f
\nbulunur. Bunlar\u0131n giderilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nce filiz \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcp suyla y\u0131kan\u0131r. Manyetik olan k\u0131s\u0131m m\u0131knat\u0131s ile
\nayr\u0131l\u0131r. Kavrulma yoluyla k\u00fck\u00fcrt ve arsenik ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Asitle y\u0131kanarak ve sentezlenerek f\u0131r\u0131nlarda
\nindirgenme i\u015flemi tamamlan\u0131r. Safla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kademeli olarak ergitme uygulan\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca hurda
\ntenekelerden de kalay elde edilir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7elik levhalar\u0131n kalayla kaplanmas\u0131nda takriben \u00fcretilen kalay\u0131n % 40\u2019\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece
\nyiyecek ve konserve kaplar\u0131 olan teneke, dald\u0131rma veya elektroliz yoluyla elde edilir. Teneke ve sert
\nkalaydan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u00fcs veya kullan\u0131m e\u015fyalar\u0131 siyah vernikle kaplanarak s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\nBu maksatla eritilmi\u015f kalay veya kalay-bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131na dald\u0131r\u0131lan demir veya \u00e7elik teneke levhalar
\n\u00e7aydanl\u0131k, tepsi ve \u015famdan gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli ev e\u015fyalar\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde i\u015flenirler. Bundan sonra bu malzemeler
\nbezirya\u011f\u0131, kurutucu maddeler ve boyalarla haz\u0131rlanan siyah vernikle cil\u00e2lan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Kalay mekanik olarak zay\u0131f oldu\u011fundan bak\u0131r, kur\u015fun, \u00e7inko, demir, kadmiyum, antimon, nikel, kobalt,
\ntitan ve zirkonyum ile ala\u015f\u0131m h\u00e2linde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kur\u015funlu kalaya lehim denir. \u015eimdi kalay ihtiv\u00e2 etmeyen
\nve al\u00fcminyum, silisyum, fosfor, mangan vb. gibi elementlerin bak\u0131rla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ikili ala\u015f\u0131mlara bu
\nelementlerin tuncu denmekle ber\u00e2ber, bronz (tun\u00e7) ismi ile kalay bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 hat\u0131rlanmaktad\u0131r.
\nBronzdaki kalay korozyonu (paslanmay\u0131) \u00f6nlemekte ve bak\u0131r\u0131n mekanik \u00f6zelliklerini iyile\u015ftirmektedir.
\nBuna antimon da kat\u0131larak makina yataklar\u0131 gibi dayan\u0131kl\u0131 par\u00e7a ve e\u015fyalar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kalay-4-klor\u00fcr bile\u015fi\u011fi \u00f6zel kaplama, a\u011fartma, duyarl\u0131 k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t imali i\u015flerinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Makina ya\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n
\n\u00f6zelliklerinin \u0131slah\u0131nda, reaksiyonlarda kataliz\u00f6r olarak, ayna yap\u0131m\u0131nda, sabunlardaki parf\u00fcm\u00fc tesbit
\netmek i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kalay-4-oksit seramik s\u0131rlar\u0131nda, tekstilde ve cam im\u00e2linde i\u015fe yarar.
\nKalay-2-klor\u00fcr kimyev\u00ee madde, boya, fosfor, polimer \u00fcretiminde indirgeyici olarak ve galvenize edici,
\nayna s\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 ve ya\u011flama ya\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 temizleyici olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kalay s\u00fclfat boyamada ve kalay
\nkaplamada kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yumu\u015fak, haddelenebilir (tel ve levha h\u00e2line gelebilir), g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00a0beyazl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda metalik bir element. T\u00e2rih\u00e7esi m\u00eel\u00e2ttan \u00f6nce 3000 y\u0131llar\u0131na dayan\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ve\u00a0Mezopotamya\u2019da bronz ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda kalay kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00eel\u00e2ttan \u00f6nce 2000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda bak\u0131r orta\u00a0do\u011fuda tam…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[2138],"class_list":["post-3078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","tag-kalay"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3078"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3078"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3078\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6582,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3078\/revisions\/6582"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3078"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3078"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}