K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kan h\u00fccrelerinin\u00a0\u00fczerlerinde bulunan ve di\u011fer kanlarda \u201cantijen\u201d \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6steren maddelere g\u00f6re insan kanlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi farktan do\u011fan s\u0131n\u0131flar.<\/p>\n
Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan \u00f6nceki kan nakli denemeleri vahim ve d\u00fc\u015f k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sebeb olacak sonu\u00e7lar
\nvermi\u015fti. 1900 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Karl Landsteiner kan\u0131n d\u00f6rt ana grupta oldu\u011funu, bu gruplar\u0131n ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye
\nfarkl\u0131 bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. Bu gruplama ABO sistemi olarak bilinir. Landsteiner\u2019in bulu\u015fu kan
\nnaklinde emniyetlilik yolunu a\u00e7t\u0131. 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda yine Landsteiner ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015f\u0131 Amerikal\u0131 Patolog
\nAlexander S.Wiener, kan gruplamada yeni bir sistem ke\u015ffettiler. Rhesus t\u00fcr\u00fc maymunlarda yap\u0131lan
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bu sisteme \u201cRh sistemi\u201d denildi.<\/p>\n
ABO sistemi: Bu sisteme g\u00f6re her ki\u015fi d\u00f6rt kan grubundan birine girer. Gruplar A, B, AB ve 0\u2019d\u0131r.
\nAy\u0131rma i\u015fi, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kan h\u00fccreleri ve plazmada bulunan \u00f6zel proteinlere g\u00f6redir. Plazmadaki proteinler
\n\u201caglutininler\u201d, alyuvarlar\u0131n \u00fczerindekiler ise \u201caglutiojenler\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar. A ve B diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan
\niki cins aglutinojen, \u03b1 (alfa) ve \u03b2 (beta) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan iki cins aglutinin vard\u0131r. A grubu bir ki\u015fi
\nalyuvarlar\u0131nda A aglutinojenini ve plazmas\u0131nda \u03b2 aglutinini ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu ki\u015finin kan\u0131 B aglutinojeni ve \u03b1
\naglutinini ta\u015f\u0131yan B grubu bir ki\u015fiye verilirse alc\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131ndaki \u03b1 aglutininleri verenin A aglutinojeniyle
\nbirle\u015fir ve \u00e7\u00f6ker. Bu \u00e7\u00f6kme v\u00fcc\u00fbdun her yan\u0131nda olur ve hayatla ba\u011fda\u015fmaz. Verilen kan olduk\u00e7a az
\nmiktardaysa ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan az miktar \u00e7\u00f6kelti, \u00e7e\u015fitli damarlar\u0131 t\u0131kayarak bir\u00e7ok organlarda hasar yapar.
\nAB grubundaki ki\u015filer A ve B aglutinojenlerine s\u00e2hiptirler. Ancak bunlar\u0131n plazmas\u0131nda aglutinin
\nbulunmaz. 0 grubunda ise hi\u00e7 aglutinojen olmay\u0131p \u03b1 ve \u03b2 aglutininleri vard\u0131r. Tabloda kan gruplar\u0131na
\ng\u00f6re aglutinojen ve aglutininler g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Alyuvarlardaki Plazmadaki
\nKan Grubu Aglutinojen Aglutinin
\nA ……………….. A ……………. \u03b2 (Anti A)
\nB ……………….. B ……………. \u03b1 (Anti B)
\nAB ……………… AB ………….. (-)
\n0 ……………….. (-) (Yok) …… a,b (Anti A ve B)<\/p>\n
Tabloda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi gruplar\u0131n adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 aglutinojenlerine g\u00f6re olmaktad\u0131r. Aglutinini olmayan
\nAB grubuna \u201cgenel al\u0131c\u0131\u201d grup, aglutinojeni olmayan 0 grubuna da \u201cgenel verici\u201d grup isimleri verilmi\u015ftir.
\nTabloya bakarsak: Bir kan naklinde ayn\u0131 harfli aglutinojen ve aglutinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131nca, \u00e7\u00f6kelme (agl\u00fctine
\ndurumu) olaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Rh sistemi: Rhesus proteini veya di\u011fer ad\u0131yla Rh fakt\u00f6r\u00fc, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kan h\u00fccreleri \u00fczerinde bulunan bir
\n\u00f6zel proteindir. Rh fakt\u00f6r\u00fcne g\u00f6re iki t\u00fcr kan ayr\u0131l\u0131r, Rh (+) ve Rh (-); y\u00e2ni Rh proteinine s\u00e2hip veya
\ns\u00e2hib olmayan kanlar. Rh (+) ki\u015fiye Rh (-) kan verilmesi hi\u00e7bir reaksiyon ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaz. Rh (-) ki\u015fiye
\nRh (+) kan verilince ilk nakilde bir olay ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaz. Ancak bu s\u0131rada al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131n\u0131n serumunda
\nverilen kan\u0131n Rh fakt\u00f6r\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Anti Rh antikorlar\u0131 te\u015fekk\u00fcl eder. Ayn\u0131 durum Rh (+)
\nbaba ile Rh (-) anneden do\u011fan Rh (+) \u00e7ocukta da s\u00f6z konusudur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Rh negatif olan annenin
\nserumunda \u00e7ocu\u011fun Rh (+) antijenine kar\u015f\u0131 anti Rh antikorlar meydana gelir. Bu antikorlar m\u00fcteakip
\nhamileliklerde annenin kan\u0131yla fet\u00fcsa ge\u00e7ti\u011finde do\u011fum s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya hemen sonra hemolitik anemi
\nve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmle biten durumlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. \u0130kinci Rh (+) kan vermede birinci nakilde v\u00fcc\u00fbdun
\nmeydana getirdi\u011fi anti Rh antikorlar\u0131 verici kan\u0131yla reaksiyona girer ve damar i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6kelme ortaya
\n\u00e7\u0131kar. \u00c2cil kan de\u011fi\u015fimi uygulanmazsa bu durum hayatla ba\u011fda\u015fmaz.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ocu\u011fun kan grubu ana-babas\u0131na benzemeyebilir: \u00c7ocu\u011fun kan grubu, baba veya anas\u0131n\u0131nkine
\nbenzer. B\u00e2zan her ikisine de benzer veya her ikisine de benzemez. E\u011fer \u00e7ocu\u011fun kan grubu,
\nana-babas\u0131n\u0131n kan grubundan ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc olmasayd\u0131, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde yaln\u0131z iki \u00e7e\u015fit kan grubu bulunurdu.
\n\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar, bir erkekle bir kad\u0131ndan meydana gelmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kan h\u00fccrelerinin\u00a0\u00fczerlerinde bulunan ve di\u011fer kanlarda \u201cantijen\u201d \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6steren maddelere g\u00f6re insan kanlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi farktan do\u011fan s\u0131n\u0131flar. Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan \u00f6nceki kan nakli denemeleri vahim ve d\u00fc\u015f k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sebeb olacak sonu\u00e7lar…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[2071,2072],"class_list":["post-3080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-saglik","tag-kan-grubu","tag-kan-gruplari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3080"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3080"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3080\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7561,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3080\/revisions\/7561"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}