Karate, Uzakdo\u011fu \u00fclkelerinde geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada\u00a0yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan genellikle yumruk ve ayak vuru\u015flar\u0131ndan ibaret bir \u00e7e\u015fit savunma, k\u00fclt\u00fcrfizik ve\u00a0yar\u0131\u015fma sporudur. \u00c7in, Japonya, Kore gibi \u00fclkelerde geli\u015ftirilen bu sporun say\u0131s\u0131z ekolleri vard\u0131r.\u00a0Herkesce sevilen karate, gen\u00e7 ihtiyar demeden kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar taraf\u0131ndan da yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok tan\u0131nan d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f sporu olan karateyi kim icat etti?<\/p>\n
Karate M.\u00d6. 2000-3000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda budist rahipleri taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. O tarihlerde Budist tap\u0131naklar\u0131\u00a0halk\u0131n adak ve hediyeler b\u0131rakmas\u0131 sebebiyle \u00e7ok zengindi ve bu zenginlik de soygunculara hedef\u00a0te\u015fkil etmekteydi.\u00a0Budist inan\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re silah kullanmak ve hele canl\u0131 hayat\u0131na son vermek kesinlikle yasakt\u0131. Bu\u00a0sebeple rahipler soygunculardan kendilerini koruyabilmek i\u00e7in karateyi geli\u015ftirdiler ve her g\u00fcn manast\u0131r\u00a0avlular\u0131nda dini ayin havas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise karate sportif ama\u00e7l\u0131\u00a0oldu\u011fundan bir tak\u0131m kurallarla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Karate bir ki\u015finin silahs\u0131z olarak v\u00fccudu ve organlar\u0131 ile kendisini m\u00fcdafaa etmesidir. Karate kesinlikle\u00a0sald\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fil, savunma arac\u0131d\u0131r. Savunma, spor ve v\u00fccut hakimiyeti ile birlikte karakterin\u00a0olgunla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Karate bir sanatt\u0131r ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck gayesi galibiyet de\u011fildir; ger\u00e7ek bir karate insan\u0131n ahlak ve karakterini olgunla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 hedef edinmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 1600 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00c7in ve Japonya ile daima iyi m\u00fcnasebette bulunmu\u015f olan Okinawa\u00a0Adas\u0131nda \u201cOkinawa-te\u201d isminde bir d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f sanat\u0131 do\u011far. Bu sanat, \u00c7in askerleri ile gelmi\u015f olan Kendo\u00a0ve adadaki yerlilerin geli\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f sanat\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fiminden ibarettir. Bir s\u00fcre sonra politik\u00a0sebepler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Okinawa yerlilerinin silah bulundurmalar\u0131 yasaklan\u0131nca \u201cOkinawa-te\u201d h\u0131zl\u0131 bir\u00a0geli\u015fme g\u00f6sterir. Son y\u00fczy\u0131llara kadar bu sanat gizli kal\u0131r. Eski \u201cOkinawa-te\u201d \u00fczerine ne bir kitap ne de\u00a0tarihi bir belge bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Okinawa-te\u2019den bug\u00fcnk\u00fc karateyi kuran ki\u015fi Gichin Funakoshi<\/strong>\u2019dir. Kendisi bir Okinawal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Japonya\u2019da eski d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f sanatlar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir r\u00f6nesans ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011finde; yani Jui-jitsu, Judo\u2019ya,\u00a0Japon eskriminin Kendo\u2019ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, Funakoshi, Japonya\u2019da bulunmaktayd\u0131. Meydana \u00e7\u0131karmak\u00a0istedi\u011fi d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f sanat\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hamlelerde (1917 ve 1922) b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131 kazand\u0131. Bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131ndan\u00a0dolay\u0131 bu sanat\u0131 Japonya\u2019da \u00f6\u011fretebilmesi i\u00e7in kendisine izin verildi. Bunun \u00fczerine \u00fclkeyi ba\u015ftan\u00a0a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131p kendi sanat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda dersler ve seminerler verdi. Bu zaman zarf\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok \u00fcniversite,\u00a0karate gruplar\u0131 kurma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndaFunakoshi\u2019nin yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015flerdir. 1900 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Okinawa-te\u00a0yerine bu d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f sanat\u0131na \u201ckarate\u201d denilmi\u015ftir. Burada \u201ckara\u201d \u00c7in anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yani tam terc\u00fcmesi\u00a0\u201c\u00c7in-eli\u201d \u015feklinde olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Funakoshi, Japonya\u2019da karateyi bilimsel \u015fekilde te\u015fkilatland\u0131r\u0131yordu. B\u00f6ylece karateyi tehlikesiz bir spor\u00a0haline sokarak karate \u015fampiyonalar\u0131 d\u00fczenleme imkan\u0131 do\u011fmu\u015ftu. Funakoshi, karateyi geli\u015ftirirken\u00a0Judo ve Kendo\u2019dan bir s\u00fcr\u00fc teknik alm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece bug\u00fcnk\u00fc modern Japon karatesinin ilk temelleri\u00a0at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Funakoshi, sanat\u0131n\u0131n ismini sonradan \u201c\u00c7in-eli\u201dnden \u201cBo\u015f-el\u201de \u00e7evirdi. Yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fse de\u00a0okunu\u015f yine ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Yani \u00c7in veya bo\u015f (veya silahs\u0131z) kelimelerinin Japonca okunu\u015flar\u0131 yine \u201ckara\u201dd\u0131r.\u00a0Karate Japonya\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131zla geli\u015firken, Okinawa ve \u00c7in\u2019den ba\u015fka karate hocalar\u0131 Japonya\u2019ya\u00a0geldi. Bu s\u0131rada Japonya\u2019da ba\u015fka karate sistemleri de do\u011fdu. Bunlar teknik a\u00e7\u0131dan birbirlerinden farkl\u0131\u00a0ise de, \u00f6z ve esasta ayn\u0131d\u0131rlar. En tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r. Wado-Ryu, Goju-Ryu ve Shito-Ryu (Ryu,\u00a0okul demektir). Gichin Funakoshi\u2019nin kurdu\u011fu karatenin ismi Shotokan\u2019d\u0131r. Bu stil en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve en\u00a0\u00e7ok yay\u0131l\u0131p benimsenmi\u015f olan\u0131d\u0131r. Shito-Ryu, 1930\u2019da Kenwa Mabuni taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur. Birka\u00e7\u00a0sene sonra Chojun Miyagi, Goju-Ryu karatesini kurdu. Goju-Ryu\u2019nun bug\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u00f6neticisi Gogen\u00a0Yamaguchi\u2019dir. Lakab\u0131 ise kedidir.<\/p>\n 1935\u2019te Funakoshi\u2019nin talebesi olan Hironori Otsuka, Wado-Ryu\u2019yu kurdu. Wado\u2019nun manas\u0131 \u201cbar\u0131\u015fa\u00a0giden yol\u201d demektir. Teknik bak\u0131mdan Wado-Ryu karatesi ile Shotokan stili aras\u0131nda pek fark yoktur.\u00a0Karatenin esas\u0131 say\u0131lan Kung-fu \u00c7in\u2019de, Taek-wan-do ise Kore\u2019de geli\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n Karate ve \u00e7e\u015fitleri yal\u0131nayak ve \u00f6zel \u00fcniformal\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Bele, dereceye g\u00f6re \u00e7e\u015fitli renklerde\u00a0\u201ckemer\u201d ba\u011flan\u0131r. Kung-fu stillerinde \u00c7in halk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak giydi\u011fi elbiselerle ve kapal\u0131 terliklerle\u00a0(iskarpinlerle) \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0Karatede a\u00e7\u0131k el, yumruk, ayak ve diz darbeleri g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi bu hareketler (blok) olarak da\u00a0kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 karateciler yumruk hatta parmak ucu ve ayak vuru\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sert sat\u0131hlara tatbik\u00a0ederek darbe noktalar\u0131n\u0131 sertle\u015ftirmektedirler. \u00d6nceleri kanayan temas noktalar\u0131 daha sonra\u00a0nas\u0131rla\u015farak sertle\u015fir. Fakat hekimler b\u00f6ylesi bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k y\u00f6n\u00fcnden geriye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayan\u00a0k\u00f6t\u00fc etkiler b\u0131rakaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u201c\u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc vuru\u015flar\u0131n\u201d ve isimleri efsaneye kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f baz\u0131 karatecilerin ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fcce sahib olduklar\u0131\u00a0s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda, mesela, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ku\u015flar\u0131n bir hayk\u0131r\u0131\u015f (kader ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131) ile\u00a0\u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, v\u00fccudun belirli hassas ve gizli noktalar\u0131na hafif\u00e7e temas etmek suretiyle \u00f6l\u00fcme sebebiyet\u00a0verme (\u00f6l\u00fcm dokunu\u015fu) ve \u00e7\u0131plak el darbesi ile d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n v\u00fcc\u00fbdunu b\u00f6lerek halen \u00e7arpmakta olan\u00a0y\u00fcre\u011fi s\u00f6kme de yer almaktad\u0131r. Ancak b\u00fct\u00fcn bu ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc gibi g\u00f6z\u00fcken olaylar\u0131 belgeleyici ve\u00a0inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 vesikalar bulunamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Karatede yumu\u015fak stili benimsemi\u015f olan bir ekol, s\u00fcrat ve inceli\u011fe \u00f6nem\u00a0verirken; sert stili benimsemi\u015f olanlar vuru\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6n planda tutmaktad\u0131rlar.\u00a0Birincisinde, mesela s\u00fcratli bir vuru\u015fun meydana \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 r\u00fczgar ile muma dokunmadan ate\u015finin\u00a0s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi antrenman\u0131 yer al\u0131rken, ikincisinde mesela bir tu\u011flan\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00fcner olarak\u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n Japon Karate Cemiyeti 1948\u2019de kurulmu\u015ftur. Birle\u015fik Amerika\u2019da 1965\u2019te kurulan \u201cBirle\u015fik Karate\u00a0Federasyonu\u201d yaln\u0131z Amerika\u2019da bulunan karate okullar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131maktad\u0131r.\u00a0Karate-do 1960 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra d\u00fcnyaya penceresini a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat bug\u00fcn en \u00e7ok sporcusu bulunan\u00a0sevilen bir spor haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Karate, Uzakdo\u011fu \u00fclkelerinde geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada\u00a0yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan genellikle yumruk ve ayak vuru\u015flar\u0131ndan ibaret bir \u00e7e\u015fit savunma, k\u00fclt\u00fcrfizik ve\u00a0yar\u0131\u015fma sporudur. \u00c7in, Japonya, Kore gibi \u00fclkelerde geli\u015ftirilen bu sporun say\u0131s\u0131z ekolleri…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11216,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[1563,1562],"class_list":["post-3088","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spor","tag-gichin-funakoshi","tag-karate"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3088"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3088"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3088\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6360,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3088\/revisions\/6360"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11216"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3088"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3088"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3088"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}