Karikat\u00fcr kelimesi, \u201cy\u00fcklemek\u201d veya \u201cabartmak\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u0130talyan s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri carico ve caricare’den gelmektedir. Karikat\u00fcr herhangi bir insan\u0131n, fikrin veya bir\u00a0olay\u0131n resimlendirilerek komik veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc \u015fekilde anlat\u0131lmas\u0131. Bir insan\u0131n veya bir olay\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na girmeksizin,\u00a0k\u0131sa, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00f6zl\u00fc bir fikir vermek veya genellikle g\u00fcld\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerinin g\u00f6ze\u00a0\u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde resmedilmesidir. Karikat\u00fcr, bir resim sanat\u0131d\u0131r. Bu resimleri \u00e7izenlere \u201ckarikat\u00fcrc\u00fc\u201d\u00a0veya \u201ckarikat\u00fcrist\u201ddenir.<\/p>\n
Karikat\u00fcr, \u00f6zelli\u011fi itibar\u0131yla tan\u0131nan, bilinen orijinalinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Karikat\u00fcr, konu olan bir ki\u015finin veya\u00a0bir olay\u0131n dikkati \u00e7ekici \u00f6zelliklerini ortaya koyar. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman ki\u015finin b\u00e2z\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerinin abart\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131\u00a0konu eden karikat\u00fcr, o ki\u015fiyi hicvetmek, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltmek ve onunla alay etmek v\u00e2s\u0131tas\u0131 olarak da
\nkullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Alay etmek, insanlar\u0131n birbirlerini hafife almas\u0131, rencide etmesi, onu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7\u00a0duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmesi demektir. Bu hususta Avrupal\u0131 filozof Bergson \u201c\u0130nsanlar, yaln\u0131z insanlar\u0131 veya\u00a0insanlarla ilgili olaylar\u0131 g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7le\u015ftirmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015flerdir.\u201d demi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ok eski devirlerden beri karikat\u00fcr\u00fcn yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Antik Pompei \u015fehrinde yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda, duvar\u00a0ve vazolarda \u00e7e\u015fitli karikat\u00fcr \u00f6rneklerine rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Esas karikat\u00fcr sanat\u0131, R\u00f6nesans devrinde\u00a0ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat sanat ele\u015ftirmeni Champfleury, eskiden yap\u0131lan resimleri karikat\u00fcrden saymamaktad\u0131r. Resme konu\u00a0olan ki\u015filerin \u00f6zellikleri ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in karikat\u00fcr say\u0131lmaz. Bunlara \u201cburlesk\u201d denir.\u00a0Ta\u015f, tu\u011fla, vazo ve duvar gibi yerlere yap\u0131lan karikat\u00fcr, bask\u0131 makinesi bulunup da kitaplar ve\u00a0gazeteler yay\u0131nlanmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca daha da geli\u015fti.<\/p>\n
En eski karikat\u00fcrlerin baz\u0131lar\u0131 Leonardo da Vinci’nin eserlerinde bulunur.\u00a0On sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u0130spanyol ressam Goya, siyasi karikat\u00fcrleriyle \u00fcn yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayn\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda\u00a0ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u0130ngiliz ressam\u0131 William Hogarthda eserlerinde bu \u00f6zelli\u011fe \u00e7ok yer verdi.<\/p>\n
1590’larda \u0130talyan Annibale Carracci (ve erkek karde\u015fi Agostino) caricare kelimesini \u00e7izdikleri baz\u0131 abart\u0131l\u0131 portre taslaklar\u0131nda kulland\u0131lar. Bologna Akademisi’nde ders verdikleri s\u0131rada kendi sanatsal mizah teorilerini anlatmak i\u00e7in bu kelimeyi kulland\u0131klar\u0131 belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Karikat\u00fcr \u00e7izimi \u00fczerine ilk kitap \u0130ngiltere’de yay\u0131nlanan, 1762 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mary Darly’nin Karikat\u00fcrler Kitab\u0131 oldu. \u0130lk bilinen Kuzey Amerika karikat\u00fcrleri Quebec Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda 1759’da \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Gazetecili\u011fe karikat\u00fcr\u00fc ilk defa Frans\u0131z ressam\u0131 Charles Philippon<\/strong> getirdi. Hatta 1831\u2019de Paris\u2019te La\u00a0Caricature Gazetesi\u2019ni kurdu. Ondan sonra \u0130ngilizler ve Almanlar da karikat\u00fcr\u00fc gazetecilikte\u00a0kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130ngiltere\u2019deki \u00fcnl\u00fc siyasi mizah dergisi Punch<\/strong> bu \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131n k\u0131sa zamanda\u00a0geli\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n Karikat\u00fcr, kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc sadeli\u011fi ve didaktik (\u00f6\u011fretici) taraf\u0131 sebebiyle herkes taraf\u0131ndan benimsendi.\u00a0Karikat\u00fcrde insanlar\u0131 veya tipleri hicivli olarak canland\u0131rma \u015fekli ilk olarak 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda olmu\u015ftur.\u00a0Mesela, Agostino Carracci ve Giovanni Bernini taraf\u0131ndan ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. On alt\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Siyasi konular\u0131 i\u015fleyen karikat\u00fcrler, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131. Lutercili\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u0130ngiltere\u2019de\u00a0Hannover H\u00e2ned\u00e2n\u0131yla Jakobitler aras\u0131nda meydana gelen olaylar\u0131 anlatan \u00e7izgiler \u00f6nemli siy\u00e2s\u00ee\u00a0karikat\u00fcrler aras\u0131nda say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Son zamanlarda milletleraras\u0131 karikat\u00fcrc\u00fcler aras\u0131nda Fransa\u2019da\u00a0Sennep, Gu\u00e9rin ve Effel; \u0130ngiltere\u2019de Sir David Low; Almanya\u2019da da P. Simmel bilinmektedir. \u015e\u00e2ir ve\u00a0edipliklerinin yan\u0131nda Victor Hugo ile Alfred de Musset birer karikat\u00fcrc\u00fcyd\u00fcler.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye’de ilk karikat\u00fcr Osmanl\u0131 Devleti zaman\u0131nda 1867’de yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a01870 y\u0131l\u0131nda Teodor Kasap taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0yay\u0131nlanan Diyojen\u00a0dergisi ise ilk T\u00fcrk mizah dergisidir. Bu dergiyi ba\u015fkalar\u0131 izlemekle birlikte, ilk karikat\u00fcrlerin yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131ndan sonra uzunca bir s\u00fcre karikat\u00fcrs\u00fcz bir d\u00f6nem ya\u015fand\u0131.\u00a0II. Abd\u00fclhamid’in bask\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6netimi gazete ve dergilerin \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemi\u015f, \u00e7\u0131kabilenlerde de ele\u015ftiri ama\u00e7l\u0131 mizaha izin verilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Bu d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrk karikat\u00fcr\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan gazete ve dergilerde yer alarak s\u00fcrd\u00fc.\u00a01908’de\u00a0II. Me\u015frutiyet’ten hemen sonra bu t\u00fcr yerli yay\u0131nlar yeniden \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131, bu da karikat\u00fcrde bir canlanmaya neden oldu.<\/p>\n \u0130lk d\u00f6nem T\u00fcrk karikat\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zelliklerinden biri \u00e7izimlerin resim gibi olu\u015fudur. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, karikat\u00fcrler ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i \u00e7izimler \u00fcst\u00fcne kuruluydu. Abart\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in d\u00fczenleme ve \u00e7izim \u00f6zelliklerine \u00f6nem veriliyor, g\u00fclmece daha \u00e7ok yaz\u0131ya dayan\u0131yordu. Altyaz\u0131larda a\u00e7\u0131klamalar, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 konu\u015fmalar yer aliyor, ayr\u0131ca \u00e7izimde g\u00f6sterilen fig\u00fcrlerin \u00fcst\u00fcne de kim ya da ne olduklar\u0131 yaz\u0131larak a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkler’in d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndak\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 uyruklar bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fma hareketine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle\u00a0Ermeni\u00a0k\u00f6kenli sanat\u00e7\u0131lar,\u00a0tiyatro\u00a0ve\u00a0mimarl\u0131k\u00a0alan\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, karikat\u00fcr alan\u0131nda da bat\u0131 etkilerine a\u00e7\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla tan\u0131n\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n \u0130lk d\u00f6nem karikat\u00fcrc\u00fcleri, aras\u0131nda\u00a0Ni\u015fan Berberyan,\u00a0Santr,\u00a0Op\u00e7andassis’in yan\u0131 s\u0131ra\u00a0Ali Fuat Bey\u00a0gibi isimler vard\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde pek \u00e7ok karikat\u00fcr de imzas\u0131z olarak yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. II. Me\u015frutiyet’i izleyen d\u00f6nemde ise\u00a0Sedat Nuri \u0130leri,\u00a0Scarselli,\u00a0A. Rigopulos,\u00a0Mehmed Baha,\u00a0Halit Naci,\u00a0M\u00fcnir Osman\u00a0yer alir. D\u00f6nemin en \u00f6nde gelen karikat\u00fcr sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ise\u00a0Cemil Cem’dir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Karikat\u00fcr\u00fc kim bulmu\u015ftur? Karikat\u00fcr kelimesi, \u201cy\u00fcklemek\u201d veya \u201cabartmak\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u0130talyan s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri carico ve caricare’den gelmektedir. Karikat\u00fcr herhangi bir insan\u0131n, fikrin veya bir\u00a0olay\u0131n resimlendirilerek komik veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc \u015fekilde anlat\u0131lmas\u0131. Bir…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12339,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[1035],"class_list":["post-3097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eglence","tag-karikatur"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3097"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3097"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3097\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12342,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3097\/revisions\/12342"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12339"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3097"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3097"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\u0130lk Karikat\u00fcr Dergisi<\/h3>\n
\nkarikat\u00fcrlerinden birisi, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir el arabas\u0131nda midesini ta\u015f\u0131yan ve bir yandan da kusan bir oburu\u00a0tasvir eden Alman karikat\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\nT\u00fcrkiye’de \u0130lk Karikat\u00fcr<\/h3>\n