Bug\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde petrolden elde edilen ancak Trinidad G\u00f6l\u00fc gibi baz\u0131 yerlerde do\u011fal olarak da bulunabilen asfalt\u0131n ilk kulan\u0131m\u0131, M.\u00d6. 2500 y\u0131llar\u0131nda oldu. O tarihlerde, Pakistan’- daki Mohenjo-Daro hamamlar\u0131n\u0131n tu\u011flalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olarak asfalt kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, Mezopotamya’da ilahlar i\u00e7in d\u00f6\u015fenen kadirim ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n birbirine yap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n asfaltla sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 da biliniyor. Katranla ta\u015f\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan olu\u015fan ve “tarmakadam” denilen bir t\u00fcr asfalt ise, ilk kez 1845 y\u0131l\u0131nda Nottinghamshire’da kullan\u0131ld\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yol kaplamas\u0131 olarak \u00e7ok gerekli olan asfalt ise, otomotiv sanayiindeki geli\u015fmeler \u00fczerine 1920’li y\u0131llardan itibaren d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde \u00f6nem kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n
Asfalt kelimesi k\u00f6ken olarak, Akad dilinde “asfaltik” kelimesinden geldi\u011fine inan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu kelime Antik Yunan medeniyetinde “s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak ya da sabitlemek” anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. “Asfaltik” kelimesi\u00a0 “asfalte (asphalte)” olarak Latince ve Frans\u0131zca’ya ve sonunda “asfalt (aspahalte)” olarak da \u0130ngilizce ‘ye girmi\u015ftir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze, asfalt, nesnelerin ba\u011flanmas\u0131, kaplanmas\u0131 ve izole aedilmesi amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Asfalt en eski yap\u0131 malzemelerinden biridir. M.\u00d6. 6000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda S\u00fcmerya’ da , gemilerin su s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakta asfalt kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Babil Kulesinin de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu tap\u0131nak kulelerinin yap\u0131m\u0131nda asfalt har\u00e7 malzemesi olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sodom ve Gomore \u015fehirleri yak\u0131n\u0131nda, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 bir asfalt \u00fcretimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Asfalt M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan M.\u00d6. 2600′ e kadar uzanan bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemesi olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Perslerinde asfalt kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair \u00f6nemli kal\u0131nt\u0131lar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Antik d\u00fcnyada, asfalt, bloklar\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131nda ve kaplanmas\u0131nda, gemilerin yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda ve di\u011fer \u00e7e\u015fitli yal\u0131t\u0131m ve s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k uygulamalar\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Antik d\u00f6nemde kullan\u0131lan asfaltlar do\u011fal olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan asfaltlard\u0131r. Jeolojik tabakalardan elde edilen, hem yumu\u015fak, kolay i\u015flenebilir olarak hem de sert formda siyah damarlar \u015feklinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Do\u011fal Asfalt yo\u011fun olarak Trinidad Adas\u0131ndaki Trinidad Asfalt G\u00f6l\u00fc, Venezuela’ daki Bermudez Asfalt G\u00f6l\u00fc ile Bat\u0131 Kanada’daki yayg\u0131n “katran kumlar\u0131”ndan elde edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
1900’l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ilk zamanlar\u0131nda, ham petrolden rafinaj y\u00f6ntemleri ile asfalt \u00fcretiminin ke\u015ffi ile otomobillerin gittik\u00e7e b\u00fcy\u00fcyen pop\u00fclaritesi geni\u015fleyen bir end\u00fcstri dal\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur. D\u00fczg\u00fcn, modern yollar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda ve daha bir\u00e7ok uygulama alanlar\u0131nda asfalt ucuz ve t\u00fckenmez bir kaynak olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n patlak vermesiyle, askeri havaalanlar\u0131n\u0131n uygun \u015fekilde in\u015fas\u0131 ve tasar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in basit bir deneyin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi gereksinimi do\u011fmu\u015ftur.Bruce Marshall taraf\u0131ndan, a\u011f\u0131 u\u00e7ak tekerle\u011fi y\u00fcklerine kar\u015f\u0131 koyabilmek amac\u0131yla arzu edilen k\u0131vam ve asfalt i\u00e7eri\u011finin saptanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m dizayn y\u00f6ntemi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Marshall y\u00f6ntemi tatminkar d\u00fczeyde tasar\u0131m kriterleri getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bug\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde petrolden elde edilen ancak Trinidad G\u00f6l\u00fc gibi baz\u0131 yerlerde do\u011fal olarak da bulunabilen asfalt\u0131n ilk kulan\u0131m\u0131, M.\u00d6. 2500 y\u0131llar\u0131nda oldu. O tarihlerde, Pakistan’- daki Mohenjo-Daro hamamlar\u0131n\u0131n tu\u011flalar\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,19],"tags":[228,1320],"class_list":["post-310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gezi","category-otomobil","tag-asfalt","tag-asfalt-yol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=310"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8695,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310\/revisions\/8695"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}