Kayak kar ve su \u00fczerinde kayarak yol almak i\u00e7in\u00a0ayaklara tak\u0131lan uzun ve yass\u0131 sat\u0131hl\u0131, \u00f6n u\u00e7lar\u0131 haf\u00eef yukar\u0131 ve arkaya k\u0131vr\u0131k bir \u00e2lettir. T\u00fcrkiye’de\u00a0bu \u00e2letle yap\u0131lan spor da ayn\u0131 isimle an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Karda batmadan y\u00fcr\u00fcmeyi temin eden \u00e2letlerin ilk olarak, zaman\u0131m\u0131zdan 8000 y\u0131l \u00f6nceleri Altay\u00a0Da\u011flar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan iddi\u00e2 edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Daha sonralar\u0131 buradan\u00a0b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcny\u00e2ya, \u00f6zellikle kuzey memleketlerine yay\u0131lan kayak, \u0130skandinav \u00fclkelerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck ra\u011fbet\u00a0g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Burada geli\u015fen kayak, Norve\u00e7 lisan\u0131ndaki ismi olan \u201cski\u201d kelimesiyle d\u00fcny\u00e2ya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve\u00a0bu isimle benimsenmi\u015ftir. \u0130skandinav \u00fclkelerinde ihtiyaca g\u00f6re g\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015flerde, ula\u015f\u0131m ve nakliyatta\u00a0kullan\u0131lan kayak, asker\u00ee g\u00e2ye ile ilk olarak yine Norve\u00e7\u2019te kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kayak spor olarak 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak kayakla ini\u015fin 1891\u2019de Alplerde\u00a0yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu husustaki m\u00fcsabakalar\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesi\u00a01922 senesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Kayak\u00a0sporunun bir \u00e7e\u015fidi olan slalom m\u00fcs\u00e2bakas\u0131 tertibi de ancak 1922 senesinde m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur. \u0130lk k\u0131\u015f\u00a0olimpiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesi ise 1924 senesinde Chamonixi\u2019de yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kayaklar, yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f bak\u0131m\u0131ndan umumiyetle birbirine benzer. 2 m uzunlu\u011funda 7-9 cm geni\u015fli\u011findeki
\n\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclere uygun olarak ortadan hafif kavisli bir \u015fekilde \u00eem\u00e2l edilirler. B\u00fct\u00fcn kayaklar\u0131n arka k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131
\nk\u00fctt\u00fcr. Kayaklar, kay\u0131n, d\u0131\u015fbudak ve sadece Amerika\u2019da yeti\u015fen hickory isimli bir a\u011fac\u0131n
\nkerestelerinden im\u00e2l edilir. Yaln\u0131z, hafif m\u00e2den ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131ndan, sentetik re\u00e7inelerden ve son y\u0131llarda
\n\u00e7elik kenarl\u0131, pl\u00e2stik kaplamal\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lanlar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. Kayaklar, kayak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ayaklar\u0131na \u00e7elik
\ntaban ile kuvvetlendirilen k\u0131sm\u0131ndan m\u00e2den bir ma\u015fayla ve ayakkab\u0131ya raptedilmi\u015f bir tabanla
\ntutturulur.<\/p>\n
Kayak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ayaklar\u0131na giydikleri deri botlar, plastik tekni\u011finin geli\u015fmesiyle yerini sert, su
\nge\u00e7irmez plastik botlara b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Atlama m\u00fcs\u00e2bakalar\u0131n\u0131n haricinde kullan\u0131lan, hafif a\u011fa\u00e7lardan
\nveya al\u00fcminyumdan yap\u0131lan sopalar da kaya\u011f\u0131n yard\u0131mc\u0131 \u00e2letleridir. Bu sopalar, kayakta, t\u0131rmanmaya,
\nh\u0131z kazanmaya ve dengeyi korumaya yarar. Bu sopalar, \u00e7o\u011fu defa g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs hizas\u0131nda olacak \u015fekilde
\nyap\u0131l\u0131r. \u00dcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda, sopan\u0131n kavranmas\u0131na yard\u0131m eden s\u0131r\u0131mlar vard\u0131r. Alt u\u00e7lar\u0131nda ise,
\nkayak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n kara saplanmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in d\u00e2ire bi\u00e7iminde y\u0131ld\u0131z vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kayak sporu; atletizm ve da\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k kaya\u011f\u0131 olmak \u00fczere iki kola ayr\u0131l\u0131r. K\u0131\u015f olimpiyatlar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan
\nm\u00fcs\u00e2bakalar atletizm kaya\u011f\u0131 olup, bu da kendi aras\u0131nda Alp disiplini ve Kuzey (\u0130skandinav) disiplini
\nolarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Alp disiplininin serbest ini\u015f, slalom, b\u00fcy\u00fck slalom \u00e7e\u015fitleri; Kuzey disiplininin ise
\nmes\u00e2fe, uzun mes\u00e2fe, atlama ve estafet (veya r\u00f6le) \u00e7e\u015fitleri vard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca her iki disiplinde de bu
\n\u00e7e\u015fitlerin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan meydana gelen m\u00fcs\u00e2baka \u00e7e\u015fitleri mevcuttur.<\/p>\n
Alp disiplininde kayak ile y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f ve kaymadaki hareket teknikleri a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazan\u0131r. Bu daha \u00f6nemli bir
\n\u00e7e\u015fidi olan slalom, bayanlar ve erkeklerde tesbit edilmi\u015f olan bir mes\u00e2fede belirli aral\u0131klarla dikilmi\u015f
\nolan sopalar\u0131n aras\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek pist sonunda bulunan kaleden en k\u0131sa zamanda ge\u00e7ilmesini g\u00e2ye
\nedinen bir m\u00fcs\u00e2bakad\u0131r. Parkur uzunluklar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckler i\u00e7in 10, 15, 30 ve 50 km olup, y\u00fckseklik fark\u0131, 15
\nkm ve daha uzun parkurlar i\u00e7in 250 m olur. Kuzey disiplininde, uzun mes\u00e2fe m\u00fcsabakalar\u0131 30-50
\nkilometrelik pistlerde yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu m\u00fcs\u00e2bakalara yaln\u0131z erkekler i\u015ftir\u00e2k edebilir. Mesafe m\u00fcs\u00e2bakalar\u0131na
\nise hem erkekler hem de bayanlar ayr\u0131 katagorilerde kat\u0131labilirler. Bu m\u00fcs\u00e2bakalarda pist uzunluklar\u0131,
\nerkeklerde 15-18 km bayanlarda ise 5-10 kilometredir. Estafet (r\u00f6le) m\u00fcsabakalar\u0131, erkeklerde 4,
\nbayanlarda 3 ki\u015filik ekipler h\u00e2linde yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Atlama m\u00fcs\u00e2bakalar\u0131nda di\u011fer dallardan farkl\u0131 olarak kayak sopalar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaz. Kayaklar\u0131n
\nayakkab\u0131lara ba\u011flanmas\u0131 \u00f6zel bir \u015fekilde olur. Y\u00fcksek ve \u00f6zel bir yere yap\u0131lan pistten h\u0131z alan kayak\u00e7\u0131,
\nm\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar uzak mes\u00e2feye d\u00fc\u015fmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. S\u00e2dece erkekler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bu
\nm\u00fcs\u00e2bakada de\u011ferlendirme, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen mes\u00e2fe, havada ve d\u00fc\u015fme an\u0131ndaki tekniklere g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\nAtlama m\u00fcs\u00e2bakalar\u0131, kayak sporunun en tehlikeli \u00e7e\u015fididir.<\/p>\n
M\u00fcs\u00e2bakalarda kayaklar\u0131n alt\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fclen ve vaks denilen cil\u00e2 kaya\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmesini azaltarak h\u0131z\u0131n
\nartmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ve di\u011fer hareketlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kayak sporunun de\u011fi\u015fik bir \u015fekli olan patinaj ise patenle yap\u0131l\u0131r. Paten, ayakkab\u0131ya tak\u0131larak, buz
\n\u00fczerinde kaymaya yarayan, alt\u0131nda uzunlamas\u0131na ince bir demir tak\u0131l\u0131 tahta veya demirden bir
\ntaband\u0131r. Patinaj, s\u00fcrat ve artistik patinaj olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. S\u00fcrat patinaj\u0131nda yar\u0131\u015fmalar, 500, 1500 ve
\n10.000 m \u00fczerinden saate kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Artistik patinaj ise 30×60 m \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerindeki bir buz s\u00e2ha \u00fczerinde
\nm\u00fczik e\u015fli\u011finde tekli veya \u00e7ift ki\u015filik g\u00f6steriler \u015feklinde yap\u0131l\u0131r. M\u00fcs\u00e2bakalar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi, artistik
\netki ve teknik a\u00e7\u0131dan puanlama ile yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kayak kar ve su \u00fczerinde kayarak yol almak i\u00e7in\u00a0ayaklara tak\u0131lan uzun ve yass\u0131 sat\u0131hl\u0131, \u00f6n u\u00e7lar\u0131 haf\u00eef yukar\u0131 ve arkaya k\u0131vr\u0131k bir \u00e2lettir. T\u00fcrkiye’de\u00a0bu \u00e2letle yap\u0131lan spor da ayn\u0131 isimle…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[2223,2224],"class_list":["post-3106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-spor","tag-kayak","tag-kayak-sporu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3106"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3106"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3106\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6342,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3106\/revisions\/6342"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3106"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3106"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}