{"id":3149,"date":"2012-02-25T05:06:12","date_gmt":"2012-02-25T03:06:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3149"},"modified":"2016-12-25T23:06:39","modified_gmt":"2016-12-25T21:06:39","slug":"kibriti-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3149","title":{"rendered":"Kibrit’i kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kibrit g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan ate\u015f yakmaya yarayan bir tutu\u015fturucudur. 1669\u2019da Hamburglu simyac\u0131 Hennig Brand<\/strong>, fosforu, alt\u0131n elde etmek isterken ke\u015ffetti. Her ne kadar fosfor, ate\u015f i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmad\u0131ysa da ancak 160 y\u0131l sonra kibrit \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. 1680\u2019de Godfrey Haukwitz ve Robert Boyle, fosforla kapl\u0131 ka\u011f\u0131tla beraber s\u00fclf\u00fcrle kapl\u0131 ah\u015fap \u00e7\u00f6plerini beraberce piyasaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar. \u00c7\u00f6plerin \u00fczerine ka\u011f\u0131t katland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve \u00e7\u00f6p \u00e7ekildi\u011finde alev ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktayd\u0131. Ancak fosforun \u00e7ok pahal\u0131 olmas\u0131 sebebiyle, bundan zengin tabaka faydalanabiliyordu.<\/p>\n

\u00c7akmak ta\u015f\u0131 ve \u00e7elik kullan\u0131m\u0131 1781\u2019e kadar devam etti. Fransa\u2019da yap\u0131lan kibritte, ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n ucu fosfor ile kapl\u0131yd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca \u00fczerinde cam vard\u0131. Cam k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ka\u011f\u0131t alev almaktayd\u0131. \u0130talya\u2019da yap\u0131lan kibrit ise, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kutu fosfor oksitli \u00e7izgilere sahipti. S\u00fclf\u00fcr u\u00e7lu \u00e7ubuklar, kutuya s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ate\u015f almaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

1882\u2019de Amerika\u2019da piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclen bir kibrit, yap\u0131lan kimyasal uygulamadan dolay\u0131, ancak orta noktas\u0131na kadar yanmaktayd\u0131. 1932\u2019de Avusturya\u2019da yap\u0131lan bir kibritte tekrarl\u0131 \u015fekilde ate\u015flemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc. Ger\u00e7ekte bu, selefonla kapl\u0131 uzun bir kibrit ucundan ibaretti. Ate\u015fi geciktirme maddesinin bulunmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yanma yava\u015f olmaktayd\u0131. E\u011fer dikkatli kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa, her bir kibriti 40 defa
\nkullanmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcrt\u00fcnme ile ate\u015f alan kibritler, 1827 civar\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019de ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar 7-8 cm uzunlu\u011funda, u\u00e7lar\u0131 antimon s\u00fclf\u00fcr, potasyum klorat, sak\u0131z ve ni\u015fasta olan \u00e7ubuklard\u0131. Bunlar uygun bir ka\u011f\u0131t i\u00e7inde \u00e7ekilerek ate\u015flenmekteydi. Ancak bu kibritin yanmas\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan gazlar \u00e7ok rahats\u0131z ediciydi. 1830\u2019da (fosforun ke\u015ffinden 160 y\u0131l sonra), Fransa\u2019da ayn\u0131 kibrit yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, antimon s\u00fclf\u00fcr yerine fosfor kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak bunun tehlikeli olmas\u0131 pek\u00e7ok hayat\u0131n kaybolmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur. Hatta, zehirlenme i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1911\u2019de fosforun seskis\u00fclf\u00fcr\u00fc kullan\u0131larak, kibritin zehirli etkisi ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu suretle ayr\u0131ca, kibritin verimi de art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr kibritler her yere s\u00fcrtmekle yanabilmekteydi. Daha sonra kimyasal bile\u015fiklerde meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, kibritin belirli bir ka\u011f\u0131da s\u00fcr\u00fclmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. B\u00f6ylece g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan kibrit tipine gelinmi\u015f oldu. \u0130lk zamanlar hem kibrit \u00e7\u00f6pleri, hem de kutular elle yap\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Daha sonra bu i\u015fler otomatik hale getirildi. Kibritin modern \u00fcretim \u015fekli, temel olarak her yerde ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, ah\u015fab\u0131n uygun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde kesilmesi, u\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fkil edilmesi ve kutulanmalar\u0131ndan ibarettir. Kavak k\u00fct\u00fckleri 12-18 ay uygun \u015fartlarda sakland\u0131ktan sonra, kibrit \u00e7\u00f6p\u00fc olarak kesilir. Daha sonra bunlar ardarda banyolardan ge\u00e7irilerek son duruma getirilir. Bu banyolar kibritin verimini, emniyetini sa\u011flarken, d\u0131\u015f atmosfer \u015fartlar\u0131ndan da korumay\u0131 ama\u00e7lar. En son devrede kibritler kurutulur ve kutulan\u0131r. Kibrit yap\u0131m\u0131nda, zehirin bertaraf edilmesi yan\u0131nda, ba\u015fka bir \u00f6nemli ilerleme, suya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 kibritin yap\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ihtiya\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 geli\u015ftirilen bu t\u00fcr kibrit, imalat\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan bu yana hayal edilmekte olan bir olayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kibrit \u0130malat\u0131nda ABD\u2019yi, \u0130ngiltere, \u0130sve\u00e7 takip etmekteydi. Ancak \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra Japonya ucuz kibritleriyle \u00f6n s\u0131raya ge\u00e7ti. Daha sonralar\u0131 \u00e7akmaklar\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, elektrikli aletlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, kibrit imalat\u0131n\u0131n belirli bir seviyenin \u00fcst\u00fcne ge\u00e7mesini \u00f6nledi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kibrit g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan ate\u015f yakmaya yarayan bir tutu\u015fturucudur. 1669\u2019da Hamburglu simyac\u0131 Hennig Brand, fosforu, alt\u0131n elde etmek isterken ke\u015ffetti. Her ne kadar fosfor, ate\u015f i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmad\u0131ysa da…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[366],"class_list":["post-3149","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ev","tag-kibrit"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3149"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3149"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3149\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7064,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3149\/revisions\/7064"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3149"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3149"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3149"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}