Kivi, meyveleri ufak limon veya tavuk yumurtas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde olup, d\u0131\u015f kabu\u011fu kaba dokulu, t\u00fcyl\u00fc ve kahverengimsi ye\u015fil renkli bir meyvedir. Meyve etleri a\u00e7\u0131k ye\u015fildir, \u00fczerinde \u00e7izgiler bulunur. Meyvenin merkezinden etraf\u0131na do\u011fru yay\u0131lan \u00e7ok miktarda tohumlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00c7in \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc, bekta\u015fi \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc, kivi asmas\u0131 veya sadece kivi olarak da bilinir. Kivinin ilk ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer G\u00fcneybat\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019dir. Ancak G\u00fcney ve Do\u011fu Asya\u2019da yayg\u0131n olan kivi, Sibirya ve Japonya\u2019dan \u00c7in\u2019e, Taylan\u2019a, Malezya\u2019ya ve Endonezya\u2019ya kadar yay\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bitki, asmaya benzer sar\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 karakterdedir. G\u00f6vdeleri t\u00fcys\u00fcz veya az t\u00fcyl\u00fcd\u00fcr. B\u00fcy\u00fcme yaprak koltuklar\u0131nda tomurcuklardan olur. \u00c7i\u00e7ekler koltuklarda tekli veya salk\u0131m \u015feklinde olup, beyaz, sar\u0131 ve pembemsi renklerdedir. Bitki iki evciklidir ve t\u00fcrlerde erkek ve di\u015fi \u00e7i\u00e7ekler farkl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcktedirler.<\/p>\n
Meyveler t\u00fcyl\u00fc veya t\u00fcys\u00fczd\u00fcr. Embriyosu b\u00fcy\u00fck, \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ekirdekleri vard\u0131r. Kivinin ilk k\u00fclt\u00fcre al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclke \u00c7in\u2019dir. Avrupa\u2019ya ilk defa canl\u0131 bitki \u00f6rnekleri 1847 y\u0131l\u0131nda Robert Fortuna ve 1879 y\u0131l\u0131nda Charles Maries taraf\u0131ndan getirilmi\u015ftir. 1906\u2019da Allison bitkinin tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 Yeni Zelanda\u2019ya g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve bunlardan 1910\u2019da ilk meyvesini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Meyvelerinden faydalan\u0131labilinece\u011fini de ilk olarak Allison ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Yeni Zelanda\u2019da s\u00fcratli geli\u015fme g\u00f6steren bu yeni meyvenin bug\u00fcn de \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n tan\u0131nan Allison, Bruno, Hayvard \u00e7e\u015fitleri selekte edilmi\u015f ve geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yeti\u015ftirilerek yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Meyve eti, sulu, yumu\u015fak, \u00e7ilek veya \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc and\u0131r\u0131r ve lezzeti tatl\u0131ms\u0131 mayho\u015ftur. Taze t\u00fcketiminin yan\u0131nda salata, pasta, marmelat yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kivi meyvesinde \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek oranda C vitamini (100 gramda 175 mg), vitamin A, B1, PP, B2 ile proteinler, kalsiyum, fosfor, demir gibi mineraller de vard\u0131r. Meyve suyunun pH\u2019s\u0131 genellikle 3,3-3,8 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek besin de\u011ferinden dolay\u0131 kiviye sa\u011fl\u0131k meyvesi ad\u0131 verilir. Kivinin mineral madde miktar\u0131 di\u011fer meyvelerden fazlad\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan C vitaminince zengin olarak tan\u0131nan bir\u00e7ok meyveyi geride b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r. Mesela, C vitamini oran\u0131 ortalama olarak elmadan 10 kat, portakaldan 3 kat fazlad\u0131r. \u0130nsan\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck C vitamini ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n 60 mg oldu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131n\u0131rsa, bir kivi meyvesi bunu rahatl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kivi, genel olarak k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u0131l\u0131k, yazlar\u0131 s\u0131cak ve nemli bir iklime ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Buna ra\u011fmen yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f yerlerine (Avrupa\u2019da, Sicilya\u2019da \u00f6n Alplere kadar) bak\u0131l\u0131rsa geni\u015f bir co\u011frafik yay\u0131lmaya sahiptir. Kara ikliminden \u00e7ok, nemli \u0131l\u0131man iklim bitkisidir. \u0130lkbahar ve sonbahar donlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi yerlerde, g\u00fczel drenaje edilmi\u015f topraklarda iyi yeti\u015fir. Verim \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki bitkiler aral\u0131k, ocak aylar\u0131nda -10, -15\u00b0C\u2019ye kadar d\u00fc\u015fen s\u0131cakl\u0131klara dinlenme d\u00f6neminde olduklar\u0131ndan kolayca dayanabilirler.<\/p>\n
Kiviler, y\u0131l boyunca nispeten y\u00fcksek bir hava nemi ve yeterli su kayna\u011f\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyarlar, ancak k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesinde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 su istemezler. Kivi yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi i\u00e7in en iyi topraklar, kolay i\u015flenebilen iyi drena olmu\u015f, iyi su tutabilen, t\u0131nl\u0131, hemen hemen asit ile n\u00f6tr aras\u0131\u00a0 topraklard\u0131r. K\u00f6t\u00fc drenajl\u0131 ve \u00e7ok nemli ortamlara tolerans\u0131 azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kivinin tohumla \u00fcretimi, \u00f6ncelikle ekonomik meyve \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Tohumdan elde edilen fidanlar\u0131, vegatatif usullerle \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lanlara oranla daha ge\u00e7 meyve verirler. A\u015f\u0131 yaparak ve \u00e7elik kullanarak yap\u0131lan vegatatif \u00e7o\u011falma ile fidanlar\u0131n verimi daha iyidir. Bu \u015fekilde \u00fcretilen fidanlar 3 y\u0131lda meyve verirler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kivi, meyveleri ufak limon veya tavuk yumurtas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde olup, d\u0131\u015f kabu\u011fu kaba dokulu, t\u00fcyl\u00fc ve kahverengimsi ye\u015fil renkli bir meyvedir. Meyve etleri a\u00e7\u0131k ye\u015fildir, \u00fczerinde \u00e7izgiler bulunur. Meyvenin merkezinden etraf\u0131na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[1663,1664,1665],"class_list":["post-3167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yiyecek-icecek","tag-kivi","tag-kivi-meyvesi","tag-kiwi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3167"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3167"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3167\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7707,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3167\/revisions\/7707"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3167"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3167"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}