Genel olarak havay\u0131 veya di\u011fer gazlar\u0131\u00a0atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7lara s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan makina. Belirli bir oranda\u00a0kompres\u00f6rler k\u0131sm\u00ee vakum elde etmede veya atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na inmek i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu\u00a0durumda pompa haval\u0131 yerdeki hava veya gaz\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131 atar.<\/p>\n
T\u00e2rih\u00e7esi: T\u00e2rih\u00e7esi olduk\u00e7a eskidir. Ancak 1650 Otto von Guericke\u2019nin komres\u00f6r ve vakum
\npompalar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. 1829\u2019da William Mann bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava kompres\u00f6r
\nmakinas\u0131n\u0131n patentini ald\u0131. Bu geli\u015fmelerle, ekonomik alanda daha hafif makinalar elde edildi.
\n1872\u2019den sonra s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ile ber\u00e2ber so\u011futma da yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu y\u00f6ntemde, silindirin i\u00e7inde su jeti
\nf\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Bu sistemde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kompres\u00f6rler b\u00e2z\u0131 problemleri de yan\u0131nda getirdi. Bu t\u00fcr i\u015flem
\nterk edilerek etr\u00e2f\u0131nda su elbisesi bulunan kompres\u00f6rler kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu t\u00fcr \u0131slak
\nkompres\u00f6rler g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde h\u00e2l\u00e2 kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130leri-geri kompres\u00f6rleri: Bu t\u00fcrde, pistonun ileri-geri hareketi ile hava s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Pistona ba\u011fl\u0131
\nhavan\u0131n i\u00e7eri girmesi ve \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kapak\u00e7\u0131klar bulunur. Genel olarak, kompres\u00f6rde d\u00f6nme
\nhareketini gel-git do\u011frusal harekete \u00e7eviren, biyel mekanizmas\u0131 bulunur. S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak ak\u0131\u015fkan, pistona
\ngiri\u015f kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile emilerek al\u0131n\u0131r. Piston hacmi en b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu zaman giri\u015f kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapan\u0131r ve
\npiston ileri do\u011fru hareket eder. Ak\u0131\u015fkana bas\u0131n\u00e7 tatbik edilir ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131
\na\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve ak\u0131\u015fkan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131l\u0131r. Kompres\u00f6r tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan t\u00fcrden ise, gaz veya hava olan ak\u0131\u015fkan tek
\nbir taraftan emilerek bas\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130ki y\u00f6nl\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kompres\u00f6rlerde pistonun bir taraf\u0131ndan ak\u0131\u015fkan emilirken,
\ndi\u011fer taraftan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 bas\u0131l\u0131r. Daha sonra bu i\u015flem y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirerek dev\u00e2m eder. Eski kompres\u00f6rler
\nbuhar makinas\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck silindir hacmine, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck h\u0131za, iki y\u00f6nl\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ve yatay eksene
\ns\u00e2hiptiler. Ancak otomobillerdeki i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 motorun geli\u015fmesiyle, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hacimli k\u0131sa hareket
\nmes\u00e2feli, \u00e7ok silindirli, y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015fey eksenli kompres\u00f6rler yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nE\u011fer hava y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7lara \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rsa, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artar ve silindir ve pistonun ya\u011flama sisteminde
\nproblemler do\u011furur. Bu sebepten ve g\u00fc\u00e7ten tasarruf sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla birden fazla silindirli pompalar
\nkullan\u0131l\u0131r. Birinci silindir, ge\u00e7en bas\u0131nc\u0131 biraz y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f havan\u0131n so\u011fuk su kullan\u0131larak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Daha sonra bu hava y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 silindirine bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fckseltilmesi i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderilir.
\nGenel olarak bu t\u00fcrler az miktardaki havay\u0131 y\u00fcksek bas\u0131nca \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in en uygun t\u00fcrlerdir. S\u00e2bit
\nh\u0131zla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, belirli miktardaki havay\u0131 y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7ta ve en y\u00fcksek verimde verir. Ancak
\ns\u0131cakl\u0131kla, silindirdeki ya\u011f\u0131n buharla\u015f\u0131p s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan gaza kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 b\u00e2zan arzu edilmeyebilir. Mesel\u00e2,
\nbesin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 hususu b\u00f6yle bir duruma \u00f6rnek say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Bu t\u00fcr kompres\u00f6rler, yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde, az mikdarda y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 havaya ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan \u00e2letlerin
\ni\u015fletilmesi, d\u00f6k\u00fcmlerin temizlenmesi gibi i\u015flerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca benzer ilkelere g\u00f6re benzin veya
\nbuharla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00fcfleyici motorlar, demir cevherinden, d\u00f6kme demir elde edilmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda y\u00fcksek
\nf\u0131r\u0131nlarda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Mesel\u00e2 0,9 tonluk demir yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 ton veya 2800 metre k\u00fcp havaya ihtiya\u00e7
\ng\u00f6sterir. \u00c7elik yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan Bessemer f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131na hava temin etmekte de benzer kompres\u00f6rler
\nkullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u00f6nel kompres\u00f6rler: Bunlar\u0131n da esas olarak \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r: Merkezka\u00e7 kompres\u00f6rler, eksenel ak\u0131ml\u0131
\nkompres\u00f6rler, d\u00f6nel pozitif yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeli kompres\u00f6rler.
\nMerkezka\u00e7 kompres\u00f6rler: Bu t\u00fcr kompres\u00f6rde hava veya ba\u015fka gaz merkez\u00ee olarak d\u00e2irev\u00ee hazneye
\nal\u0131n\u0131r. Buradaki hava d\u00f6nme hareketi sonucu, merkezka\u00e7 kuvveti tesiri alt\u0131nda h\u0131zlan\u0131r. Ancak d\u0131\u015f
\nk\u0131sma ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda h\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer. Bernouilli ilkesine g\u00f6re h\u0131z\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesi bas\u0131nc\u0131n artmas\u0131na sebeb olur.
\nBuradan hava toplanma halkas\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131r ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131 sevkedilir.<\/p>\n
Makina y\u00fcksek h\u0131zla d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in, dengelenmi\u015f, y\u00e2ni a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k merkezinin d\u00f6nme ekseni \u00fczerinde
\nolmas\u0131 gerekir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir sapma bile makinada b\u00fcy\u00fck titre\u015fimlere ve hasarlara sebeb olur.
\nBu t\u00fcr kompres\u00f6rler basit kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olup, kapak\u00e7\u0131klara ihtiya\u00e7 g\u00f6stermezler. Ya\u011flama olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in
\nbas\u0131n\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f havada ya\u011f buhar\u0131 bulunmaz. D\u00f6nme yataklar\u0131ndan ba\u015fka s\u00fcrt\u00fcnen par\u00e7a olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma masraf\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Y\u00fcksek h\u0131zdan dolay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck miktardaki havay\u0131 fazla y\u00fcksek olmayan
\nbas\u0131nca getirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava s\u00fcrekli olarak \u00e7\u0131kar ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 dalgalanmalar\u0131n\u0131
\nd\u00fczenleyecek bir ana hazneye ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaz. 0,5 kgf\/cm2lik bas\u0131nca kadar tek kompres\u00f6r yeterse
\nde, daha y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7lar i\u00e7in seri \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f kompres\u00f6re ihtiya\u00e7 duyulur. 2,5 kgf\/cm2nin
\n\u00fcst\u00fcndeki bas\u0131n\u00e7lar i\u00e7in ise ana so\u011futmas\u0131 gerekli olabilir. Bu durumda bir devreden di\u011fer devreye
\nge\u00e7en havan\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek so\u011futulur.<\/p>\n
Eksenel ak\u0131ml\u0131 kompres\u00f6rler: Bu t\u00fcr kompres\u00f6rde hava d\u00f6nme eksenine paralel olarak hareket
\nederek, helisel \u015fekilde ilerler. Bu s\u0131rada da s\u00fcrekli bas\u0131n\u00e7 artar. Bir anlamda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sistemi t\u00fcrbinin
\ntersine uygundur.<\/p>\n
Tipik bir eksenel ak\u0131ml\u0131 kompres\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn par\u00e7alar\u0131:
\n1. Perv\u00e2ne veya t\u00fcrbin kanatlar\u0131 olan ve kompres\u00f6r\u00fcn i\u00e7 cidar\u0131n\u0131 meydana getiren k\u0131s\u0131m.
\n2. \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 meydana getiren ve d\u00f6nen k\u0131sm\u0131 mesnetleyen yatak b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc.
\n3. Duran ve kompres\u00f6r\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f cidarlar\u0131n\u0131 meydana getiren k\u0131s\u0131m. Montaj kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan iki yar\u0131
\nd\u00e2ire \u015feklinde \u00eem\u00e2l edilir. \u0130\u00e7inde helisel olan ve perv\u00e2ne k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 ile uyu\u015fan kanallar mevcuttur.
\n4. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda giren hava h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve daha sonra h\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr, bu arada Bernouilli
\nilkesine g\u00f6re bas\u0131n\u00e7 y\u00fckselir.<\/p>\n
Birbirine eklenebilen b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerden ib\u00e2ret olmas\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hacim kaplamas\u0131, d\u00f6nen k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n merkez\u00ee
\nbulunmas\u0131 ve bu sebepten merkezka\u00e7 kuvvetinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131 bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn tercih sebebidir.
\nD\u00f6nel pozitif yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeli kompres\u00f6rler: Bu t\u00fcr pompada, hava d\u0131\u015f merkez pompalarla birbirini
\nt\u00e2kip eden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hacimlere al\u0131n\u0131r. Hacim azald\u0131k\u00e7a bas\u0131n\u00e7 artar. Motorun d\u00f6nen par\u00e7as\u0131, ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131
\ngiri\u015ften \u00e7eker, etr\u00e2f\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015ftaki y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131na verir. Do\u011falgaz end\u00fcstrisinde
\ngaz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve i\u00e7inde is gibi yabanc\u0131 madde bulunan gazlar, kolayl\u0131kla bu
\nkompres\u00f6rden ge\u00e7irilebilir.<\/p>\n
Jet kompres\u00f6rleri: Genel olarak iki t\u00fcr\u00fc mevcuttur. Hidrolik kompres\u00f6rler ve gaz ve buhar
\nkompres\u00f6rleri.<\/p>\n
Hidrolik kompres\u00f6rler: D\u00fc\u015fen suyu veya bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131ndaki suyu, mekanik hareketli bir par\u00e7a
\nkullanmadan, havaya bas\u0131n\u00e7 uygulamak i\u00e7in kullanan kompres\u00f6rlerdir. En basitinde y\u00fcksek seviyeli su
\nk\u00fctlesi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyeye getirilirken havaya da bas\u0131n\u00e7 uygulan\u0131r. Daha sonra bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 havadan su
\nayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n en yenileri Taylor kompres\u00f6r\u00fc olarak isimlendirilir. \u0130lk kurulma masraf\u0131 y\u00fcksek
\nolmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, verimi y\u00fcksek, i\u015fletme masraflar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Gaz ve buhar kompres\u00f6rleri: Esas olarak bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 havan\u0131n veya buhar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir a\u011f\u0131z mevcuttur.
\nBuradan y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava \u00e7\u0131karken geni\u015fler ve h\u0131zl\u0131 hareketi s\u0131ras\u0131nda havay\u0131 da ber\u00e2berinde
\ns\u00fcr\u00fckler. Daha sonra azalan kinetik enerji, bas\u0131nc\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furur. Bu t\u00fcr pompa \u00f6zellikle buhar\u0131n
\nzararl\u0131 etkisinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde hava \u00fcfleyici ve \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131nda ve havaland\u0131rma cihazlar\u0131nda
\ntermokompres\u00f6r olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kompres\u00f6r basit olup, hareketli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 yoktur. Kullan\u0131m\u0131 kolay ve
\nbak\u0131m masraf\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k pompa olarak verimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131 en \u00f6nemli sak\u0131ncas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil
\neder.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Genel olarak havay\u0131 veya di\u011fer gazlar\u0131\u00a0atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7lara s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan makina. Belirli bir oranda\u00a0kompres\u00f6rler k\u0131sm\u00ee vakum elde etmede veya atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na inmek i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu\u00a0durumda…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[317,1],"tags":[2045,2044],"class_list":["post-3184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-is-dunyasi","category-teknoloji","tag-hava-basinci","tag-kompresor"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3184"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3184"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3184\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7320,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3184\/revisions\/7320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3184"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3184"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3184"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}