{"id":3196,"date":"2015-01-15T16:54:54","date_gmt":"2015-01-15T14:54:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3196"},"modified":"2016-12-25T13:26:21","modified_gmt":"2016-12-25T11:26:21","slug":"kozmik-isinlari-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3196","title":{"rendered":"Kozmik I\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c7ok y\u00fcksek\u00a0eneriye s\u00e2hip g\u00f6k \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131, 1911\u2019de Avustralyal\u0131 <strong>V.F.Hess<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u0131\u015fardan gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlarla\u00a0bombard\u0131man edildi\u011fi balonda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bir deneyde g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Hess bu ke\u015ffinden dolay\u0131,\u00a01936 Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Sonra, bunun gamma \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 denen bir t\u00fcr elektrik magnetik\u00a0radyasyon oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Daha sonra yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, bunlar\u0131n daha \u00e7ok hidrojen atomunun\u00a0\u00e7ekirde\u011fini meydana getiren proton radyasyonu oldu\u011funu ortaya koymu\u015ftur.\u00a0Kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde g\u00f6zlenebilece\u011fi gibi, balon, roket ve uydularda yap\u0131lacak deneylerle de\u00a0tesbit edilebilir. Yery\u00fcz\u00fc deneyleri kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fimi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, di\u011fer deneyler de \u00f6zellikleri\u00a0tesbit etmek y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcny\u00e2ya hemen hemen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc elektromagnetik dalga eri\u015fmektedir. Bunlar, uzun radyo dalgalar\u0131,<br \/>\ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir \u00e7ok k\u0131sa X \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 ve gamma \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu say\u0131lanlara il\u00e2veten bu t\u00fcr atomlar\u0131n<br \/>\n\u00e7ekirde\u011finden ib\u00e2ret olan par\u00e7ac\u0131k bombard\u0131man\u0131 mevcuttur ki, buna kozmik radyasyon denir.<br \/>\nPar\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n cinsi, proton veya hidrojen \u00e7ekirde\u011finden demir, kobalt ve nikel gibi a\u011f\u0131r \u00e7ekirdeklere<br \/>\nkadar uzan\u0131r. Hatta uranyum \u00e7ekirde\u011finin de bulundu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. \u00c7ekirdek y\u00fcklerinin (atom<br \/>\nsay\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n) art\u0131m\u0131 ile oranlar\u0131 da azalmaktad\u0131r. Par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n % 87\u2019sini proton (hidrojen \u00e7ekirde\u011fi)<br \/>\nmeydana getirirken, % 12\u2019sini alfa par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 denen ikinci hafif element olan helyumun \u00e7ekirde\u011fi<br \/>\nmeydana getirmektedir. \u00c7ok az miktarda lityum, berilyum ve boran da vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131 karbon, azot ve<br \/>\noksijen t\u00e2kip eder. Kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n muhtevas\u0131ndan, k\u00e2inattaki element oran\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmak yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\nK\u00e2inatta bulunan helyumdan daha a\u011f\u0131r \u00e7ekirdek oran\u0131, kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131nlarda bulunandan daha fazlad\u0131r.<br \/>\nMesel\u00e2, kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131nlarda bulunan demir miktar\u0131, tipik bir y\u0131ld\u0131zda bulunandan 50 kat daha fazlad\u0131r. Bu<br \/>\nfark\u0131, kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar aras\u0131 b\u00f6lgeleri a\u015farken u\u011frad\u0131klar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle a\u00e7\u0131klamak<br \/>\nm\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak yery\u00fcz\u00fcne, atmosferde meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fikliklerden dolay\u0131 kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n,<br \/>\nancak bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc farkl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde eri\u015fir.<\/p>\n<p>Kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131, astrofizi\u011fin en ilgi \u00e7eken konular\u0131ndan biridir. Kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n,<br \/>\nbulunduklar\u0131 galakside do\u011fdu\u011fu ve bir galaksidekinin di\u011ferinde etkili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\nD\u00fcny\u00e2ya eri\u015fenler samanyoluna m\u00fcnhas\u0131rd\u0131r. Samanyolunun tahminen 100 milyar y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n meydana<br \/>\ngetirdi\u011fi bir y\u0131ld\u0131zlar grubu oldu\u011fu san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f, bu y\u0131ld\u0131zlardan biridir. Disk formunda ve \u00e7ap\u0131<br \/>\n100.000 kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise 100 \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. (I\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir senede ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoldur.)<\/p>\n<p>K\u00e2inat, buna benzer galaksilerle doludur. Radyoastronomiden anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi pek \u00e7o\u011funda kozmik<br \/>\n\u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in pek\u00e7ok teoriler mevcuttur. Di\u011fer a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 gereken bir<br \/>\nnokta, y\u00fcksek enerjilerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Mesela, oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda mevcut \u0131s\u0131 termal kinetik<br \/>\nenerji 1\/20 elektronvolttur. Tipik kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n enerjisi milyarlarca elektronvolttur. Bug\u00fcne kadar tesbit<br \/>\nedilebilen en y\u00fcksek kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131n enerjisi 100 milyar kere milyar, y\u00e2ni 1020 elektronvolttur. Kozmik<br \/>\n\u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n kaynaklar\u0131 iki grupta toplanabilir: Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar gibi impulsiv nokta t\u00fcr\u00fc kaynaklar; ma\u011fmatik olanlar<br \/>\ngibi da\u011f\u0131l\u0131 ivmelendirme mekanizmalar\u0131. Birinci t\u00fcr kaynaklar daha \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r. Y\u0131ld\u0131zlarda<br \/>\nmeydana gelen patlamalar da muhtemel kaynaklard\u0131r. Mesel\u00e2 1054 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir s\u00fcpernovan\u0131n<br \/>\ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Erop Nebula\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, \u00f6nemli bir kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n biyolojik tesirleri iki bak\u0131mdan \u00f6nemlidir. Bunlardan ilki uzay yollar\u0131na olan etkileridir.<br \/>\n\u0130kincisi de kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n biyolojik geli\u015fimde oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rold\u00fcr. Mesel\u00e2 milyonlarca y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f<br \/>\ndinazorlar\u0131n nesillerinin kesilmesi, tahminen \u00e2ni bir kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131n bombard\u0131man\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c7ok y\u00fcksek\u00a0eneriye s\u00e2hip g\u00f6k \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131, 1911\u2019de Avustralyal\u0131 V.F.Hess taraf\u0131ndan, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u0131\u015fardan gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlarla\u00a0bombard\u0131man edildi\u011fi balonda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bir deneyde g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Hess bu ke\u015ffinden dolay\u0131,\u00a01936 Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonra, bunun gamma \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[2269],"class_list":["post-3196","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","tag-kozmik-isinlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3196"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3196"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3196\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6537,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3196\/revisions\/6537"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3196"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3196"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3196"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}