Kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yola\u00a0ba\u015fvuran, gizli ve hiyerar\u015fik bir te\u015fkilatlanmaya dayal\u0131 zorla para almak, kumar, ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve fuhu\u015f\u00a0gibi kanund\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015flerle u\u011fra\u015fan az\u0131l\u0131 gizli birlikler \u015febekesi.<\/p>\n
Frans\u0131zca\u2019da gizli te\u015fkilat manas\u0131na gelen mafia veya maffia kelimeleri Sicilya leh\u00e7esinde de ayn\u0131
\nmanay\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Mafya \u015feklinde de s\u00f6ylenen bu kelime, orta\u00e7a\u011f sonlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaya
\nba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Orta\u00e7a\u011f sonlar\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve \u0130spanyol idarelerini devirmeye y\u00f6nelik bir te\u015fkilat olarak
\nortaya \u00e7\u0131kan mafyan\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fc mafie denen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck silahl\u0131 gruplara dayan\u0131r. Bu gruplar Sicilya\u2019daki toprak
\nsahiplerinden \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini koruma kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hara\u00e7 almaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u0130darecilerin keyf\u00ee tutum ve
\ndavran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan y\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan halk da mafyaya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Sicilya\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki k\u00f6ylerde
\nyerle\u015fik \u00e7e\u015fitli mafya aileleri ve aile gruplar\u0131 bir konfedarasyon alt\u0131nda birle\u015ftiler. 1900\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda kendi
\ny\u00f6relerinde ekonomik faaliyetlerin hemen hepsini denetim alt\u0131na ald\u0131lar. Mafya Sicilya\u2019daki b\u00fcy\u00fck
\ntopraklar\u0131n idaresini h\u0131zla ele ge\u00e7irdi. Mafya \u00fcyeleri Benito Mussolini\u2019nin bask\u0131c\u0131 idaresi zaman\u0131nda
\ngeni\u015f \u00e7apta tutukland\u0131lar. Pek\u00e7ok mafya \u00fcyesi uzun s\u00fcreli hapis cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. A\u011f\u0131r bir darbe
\nindirilen mafya mensuplar\u0131 \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131lar.Yeniden toparlanan
\nmafya, Sicilya\u2019n\u0131n orta ve bat\u0131 kesimlerindeki k\u0131rsal alanlarda tutunamayarak Palermo\u2019ya y\u00f6neldi.
\nBuray\u0131 kendine merkez \u00fcss\u00fc olarak se\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n
Sanayi, ticaret ve in\u015faat sekt\u00f6rlerine, ayr\u0131ca r\u00fc\u015fvet \u015fantaj, hara\u00e7 ve ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flerine girdi. \u0130talya\u2019dan
\nABD\u2019ye olan g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Amerikan Su\u00e7 Te\u015fkilatlar\u0131yla yak\u0131n m\u00fcnasebet kuran mafya,
\nABD\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilen eroyinin i\u015flenmesi ve ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u015fiyle u\u011fra\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu i\u015ften elde edilen
\ny\u00fcksek miktarda para, mafya i\u00e7indeki \u00e7e\u015fitli gruplar aras\u0131nda \u015fiddetli bir rekabet do\u011furdu. Bunun
\nneticesinde cinayetler artt\u0131.Resm\u00ee makamlar mafya \u00fcyelerinin \u00fczerine yeniden gittiler. Sicilya ve
\n\u0130talya\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7 eden gruplar i\u00e7indeki mafya \u00fcyeleri, ABD ve G\u00fcney Amerika \u00fclkelerinde benzer bir
\nte\u015fkilatlanmaya girdiler. Bu \u00fclkelerde meydana gelen kanund\u0131\u015f\u0131 faaliyetler, mafya taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc.
\n\u0130\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra Amerikan mafyas\u0131; kumar, sar\u0131 sendikac\u0131l\u0131k, doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k,
\ntefecilik, uyu\u015fturucu ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve fuhu\u015f gibi i\u015flere girdi. ABD\u2019deki en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc su\u00e7 te\u015fkilat\u0131
\ndurumuna gelen mafya, kanund\u0131\u015f\u0131 yollarla kazan\u0131lan paralar\u0131 otel, lokanta ve e\u011flence yeri gibi yerlere
\nyat\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
ABD idaresi mafya hakk\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 takibat ve soru\u015fturma neticesinde, \u00fclkenin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131na
\nda\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f pek\u00e7ok ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z grup veya aile taraf\u0131ndan mafya faaliyetlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tesbit etti.
\nBuna g\u00f6re her \u015fehirde bir veya birka\u00e7 aile hakimdir. Her ailenin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan \u201cdon\u201d ad\u0131 verilen
\npatronlar ve her patronun alt\u0131nda yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k vazifesini y\u00fcr\u00fcten bir ikinci don ile kurmay olarak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve
\nn\u00fcfuzlu konumu olan bir consigliere (dan\u0131\u015fman) bulunur. Patron yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan
\ncoporegimeler (te\u011fmen), patronun te\u015fkilat\u0131n kanund\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015fleriyle do\u011frudan ili\u015fkiye girmemesini sa\u011flar.
\nailenin kan\u00fbn\u00ee olan i\u015fleri, otomatik sat\u0131\u015f makinalar\u0131 (marketler, lokantalar vb.) ile fuhu\u015f, kumar ve
\nuyu\u015fturucu ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kanund\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015fleri caporegimelere ba\u011fl\u0131 mangalar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\nBug\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde faaliyet g\u00f6steren mafyan\u0131n ABD\u2019deki a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 giderek azalmaktad\u0131r. \u0130talyan ve
\nSicilyal\u0131 az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n ABD toplumuyla kayna\u015fmas\u0131 ve mafyan\u0131n kolayca eleman bulamamas\u0131 bu neticeyi
\ndo\u011furmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yola\u00a0ba\u015fvuran, gizli ve hiyerar\u015fik bir te\u015fkilatlanmaya dayal\u0131 zorla para almak, kumar, ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve fuhu\u015f\u00a0gibi kanund\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015flerle u\u011fra\u015fan az\u0131l\u0131 gizli birlikler \u015febekesi. Frans\u0131zca\u2019da gizli te\u015fkilat…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[2166],"class_list":["post-3297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-toplum","tag-mafya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3297"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3297"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3297\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7669,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3297\/revisions\/7669"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3297"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3297"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3297"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}