{"id":3347,"date":"2012-12-16T01:50:32","date_gmt":"2012-12-15T23:50:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3347"},"modified":"2016-12-25T21:17:58","modified_gmt":"2016-12-25T19:17:58","slug":"masali-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3347","title":{"rendered":"Masal’\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Masal g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayattan s\u0131yr\u0131larak,\u00a0insanlar\u0131n muhayyilelerinde tabiat ve ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e2lemde ya\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kahramanlar\u0131n hik\u00e2yesidir. S\u00f6zl\u00fc nesir\u00a0t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yazarlar\u0131 yoktur. Halk masallar\u0131na benzeterek ve ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u00e7lerine \u00f6zel bir d\u00fcny\u00e2 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u00a0konarak, belli yazarlar taraf\u0131ndan meydana getirilen masallara sun\u2019\u00ee, y\u00e2ni \u201cyapma masal\u201d denir. \u0130ngiliz\u00a0yazar Oscar Wilde<\/strong>, Danimarkal\u0131 Andersen<\/strong> ile Frans\u0131z Lafontaine<\/strong> bu t\u00fcr masallar\u0131yla tan\u0131n\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Masallar r\u00fcy\u00e2ya benzer ve insanlardaki arzular\u0131 sembolle\u015ftirir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hayatta m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan ve
\n\u00e7ok istenen her \u015fey masallarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. Ad\u00e2let, e\u015fitlik, mutluluk, istenilen \u015fekilde masal
\nd\u00fcny\u00e2s\u0131nda bulunur. Mesel\u00e2 hor g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir kelo\u011flan, kurnazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00e2yesinde \u015fehz\u00e2deleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.
\nFakir, \u00f6ks\u00fcz bir k\u0131zca\u011f\u0131z bir t\u00e2rih cilvesiyle sultan oluverir. Yoksul birinin ba\u015f\u0131na devlet ku\u015fu konar.
\nMasal d\u00fcny\u00e2s\u0131nda, gam, kasvet, \u00e7irkinlik, \u00e2dilik yoktur. \u0130yiler d\u00e2im\u00e2 m\u00fck\u00e2f\u00e2ta kavu\u015fur, k\u00f6t\u00fclereyse en
\nad\u00e2letli cez\u00e2lar verilir. Masallar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcny\u00e2ya yay\u0131lma g\u00fcc\u00fc ve alan\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015ftir. Ancak masallar\u0131n
\nilk def\u00e2 d\u00fcny\u00e2n\u0131n hangi b\u00f6lgesinde s\u00f6ylenildi\u011fine d\u00e2ir elde kesin bilgi yoktur. B\u00f6yle olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen
\nmasallar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131, y\u00e2ni men\u015fei ile ilgili b\u00e2z\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler vard\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere ilk yer verenler Alman
\nmasallar\u0131n\u0131 toplayan Girimm Karde\u015fler olmu\u015ftur. Daha sonraki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar Hindoloji, Antropoloji ve
\nMitolojiye dayanan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fler, her g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn temsilcileri di\u011ferlerini tenkit etmi\u015flerdir.
\nGer\u00e7ekte masallar r\u00fcy\u00e2lardan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve buna paralel olarak geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Yap\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan
\nincelendi\u011finde r\u00fcy\u00e2 ve masal aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131 bir ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k vard\u0131r. Ancak r\u00fcy\u00e2 kendili\u011finden, masallar ise
\nsun\u2019\u00ee d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce mahs\u00fcl\u00fc olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

Masallar girdikleri toplumun rengine az \u00e7ok b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcrler. Masallardaki konular, temelde birbirine
\nbenzerse de, onu her milletin kendi \u00f6rf ve \u00e2detlerine, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne uydurdu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Hindistan,
\nArabistan, Anadolu, Akdeniz devletleri masal s\u00f6yleme bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bat\u0131ya nazaran daha zengindir.
\nMasallarda ger\u00e7ek veya ger\u00e7e\u011fe yak\u0131n b\u00e2z\u0131 olaylar bulunabilir. Fakat bunlarda ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olaylar esas
\nte\u015fkil edip, ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik bir s\u00fcs gibi kalmaktad\u0131r. Masallarda belki t\u00e2rih\u00ee olaylara bile yer verirler. Fakat
\nbunlar masal havas\u0131nda erimi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanlar, cin (peri), hayvanlar gibi hak\u00eek\u00ee veya dev, \u015fahmer\u00e2n gibi hay\u00e2l\u00ee varl\u0131klar masallarda i\u00e7i\u00e7e
\nya\u015far ve masallar\u0131n kahramanlar\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar insanlara mahsus \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler, huylar i\u00e7inde ele al\u0131n\u0131rlar. Y\u00e2ni
\ninsanlar gibi sever, h\u0131rslan\u0131r, \u00f6\u00e7 al\u0131r veya yard\u0131m ederler. Masallarda ya\u015fayan bal\u0131k, ku\u015f, ceylan, at gibi
\nhayvanlar da ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc vas\u0131flar ta\u015f\u0131rlar. onlar da insan gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, konu\u015fur, \u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcr, sever, ac\u0131ma
\nveya kin duyarlar. Hatt\u00e2 bu katagoriye cans\u0131z varl\u0131klar bile kat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Masalda insanlar, ger\u00e7ek veya ger\u00e7ekd\u0131\u015f\u0131 vas\u0131flarda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrler. Bu ger\u00e7ek olmayan kuvvetlerini
\nb\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc bir ara\u00e7tan, var olmayan bir mahluktan veya evliy\u00e2dan al\u0131r. Masal\u0131n kahramanlar\u0131, belli bir
\ntoplumun bilinen bir zamanda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ki\u015fileri de\u011fildir. Her \u00fclke ve zamanda olabilecek p\u00e2di\u015fah, vezir,
\nk\u00f6yl\u00fc, kad\u0131, dervi\u015f, \u0131rgat, har\u00e2m\u00ee gibi sembol tiplerdir.<\/p>\n

Ancak masallarda her \u015fey tatl\u0131ya ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu tiplerin k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckleri \u00fcst\u00fcnde fazla durulmaz.
\nK\u00f6t\u00fcler, korkun\u00e7 olmaktan g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 duruma getirilir ve yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n cez\u00e2lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. \u0130yiler ise uzun
\nya\u015fay\u0131p mutlu olurlar.<\/p>\n

Masallarda \u00e7evre b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn hay\u00e2l\u00ee ve ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fclkelerdir. Kafda\u011f\u0131, Yedi Derya Adas\u0131, Yedi Yerin Alt\u0131
\nve \u00dcst\u00fc gibi haritalarda bulunmayan \u00fclkeler g\u00f6sterilir. Masallarda tasvirler g\u00f6zlere de\u011fil hay\u00e2le
\ndayanmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcny\u00e2da rastlanmas\u0131 imkans\u0131z olan bah\u00e7eler, saraylar, \u0131rmaklar, \u015fehirler yer al\u0131r. Ne
\nzaman, hangi yerde bulunduklar\u0131 asla bilinmez.<\/p>\n

Masallarda ayn\u0131 kahraman bir ceylan, bir ku\u015f veya bir g\u00fcl fidan\u0131 oluverir. K\u0131saca \u015fekilden \u015fekle girer.
\nK\u00f6t\u00fcler bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015ftirerek sevimsiz varl\u0131klar h\u00e2line gelirler. Bir anda k\u0131talar \u00f6tesi mes\u00e2fe al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi,
\nyine bir anda korku, yerini sevince ve mutlulu\u011fa b\u0131rak\u0131r.
\nMasal\u0131 destanlardan ay\u0131ran fark, masallarda mill\u00ee ve din\u00ee inan\u00e7lar\u0131n zay\u0131f olmas\u0131, di\u011fer taraftan
\nmasallar\u0131n geni\u015f ve alabildi\u011fine hay\u00e2le yer vermesi, her dala konma ve hi\u00e7bir \u015feyde uzun uzad\u0131ya
\ndurmay\u0131\u015f g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar.<\/p>\n

Masal\u0131n e\u011fitici de\u011feri vard\u0131r. Kelo\u011flan masallar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, masala m\u00fcstehcen, \u00e7irkin ve ay\u0131p say\u0131lacak
\nhi\u00e7bir s\u00f6z kat\u0131lmaz. A\u015fk sahneleri, \u00e7abuk ve r\u00fcmuzla ge\u00e7i\u015ftirilir. Masal\u0131n \u00e7ocuk muhayyilesine geni\u015f
\nufuklar a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7ektir. Masal\u0131n yerini tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan sinema, televizyon gibi \u015feylerin \u00e7ocuk
\nmuhayyilesini darla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kal\u0131pla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 son y\u0131llarda e\u011fitimcilerin \u00fczerinde durduklar\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131
\n\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 bir durumdur.<\/p>\n

\u00c7e\u015fitli milletlerin masallar\u0131nda, mevzular temelde birbirine benzerse de, her milletin, masallar\u0131n\u0131 kendi
\n\u00f6rf ve \u00e2detlerine, hislerine, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne uydurdu\u011fu, ona kendisinden pek\u00e7ok \u015fey katt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesizdir.
\nAncak memleketi Hindistan say\u0131lan masallar\u0131n zamanla Avrupa\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fckleri de kuvvetli iddialardand\u0131r.
\nUm\u00fbmiyetle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n sevip okudu\u011fu masallar se\u00e7ilirken, bu yabanc\u0131l\u0131k unsuru g\u00f6zden uzak
\ntutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir masal\u0131 dinleyen \u00e7ocuk, masal\u0131n vermek istedi\u011fi dersten \u00e7ok, oradaki ki\u015filerden ve
\nh\u00e2diselerden etkilenecektir. Bu sebeple, yabanc\u0131 masallar al\u0131nacaksa, bunlardaki yabanc\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n
\nsel\u00e2hiyetli ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 l\u00e2z\u0131md\u0131r. Yoksa, mill\u00ee k\u00fclt\u00fcre yabanc\u0131la\u015fma, daha \u00e7ocuk ya\u015fta
\ndinlenen ve k\u00f6rpe dima\u011flarda, kuvvetli izler b\u0131rakan masallarla ba\u015flayabilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Masal g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayattan s\u0131yr\u0131larak,\u00a0insanlar\u0131n muhayyilelerinde tabiat ve ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e2lemde ya\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kahramanlar\u0131n hik\u00e2yesidir. S\u00f6zl\u00fc nesir\u00a0t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yazarlar\u0131 yoktur. Halk masallar\u0131na benzeterek ve ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u00e7lerine \u00f6zel bir d\u00fcny\u00e2 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u00a0konarak, belli yazarlar…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[2160],"class_list":["post-3347","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eglence","tag-masal"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3347"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3347"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3347\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6892,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3347\/revisions\/6892"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3347"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3347"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}