{"id":3371,"date":"2014-06-16T02:21:12","date_gmt":"2014-06-16T00:21:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3371"},"modified":"2016-12-24T18:49:28","modified_gmt":"2016-12-24T16:49:28","slug":"mermiyi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3371","title":{"rendered":"Mermi’yi kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mermi silahlarda kullan\u0131lan i\u00e7i barut dolu ve silah\u0131n\u00a0att\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fchimmatt\u0131r. \u0130lk\u00a0mermiler kat\u0131 ve sert maddelerden \u00eem\u00e2l edilmi\u015f k\u00fcrelerdi. Kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7en ilk kullan\u0131lma t\u00e2rihleri, M.S.\u00a01300\u2019lere kadar uzan\u0131r.\u00a0\u0130lk top mermileri ta\u015flardan oyularak yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ta\u015f g\u00fcllelere 1520 t\u00e2rihlerine\u00a0kadar rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu t\u00e2rihten sonra g\u00fclleler demirden d\u00f6k\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Delik a\u00e7mak\u00a0maksad\u0131yla oldu\u011fu kadar, yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in de b\u00f6yle g\u00fclleler kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Mermileri patlay\u0131c\u0131\u00a0maddelerle doldurup bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve par\u00e7a tesiri elde etmek fikri daha sonralar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0\u201cSalk\u0131m\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bir merminin i\u00e7ine demir par\u00e7alar\u0131 konur, mermi namluyu terk etti\u011fi zaman
\nmerminin d\u0131\u015f ince \u00e7eperi y\u0131rt\u0131larak d\u00fc\u015fmana zarar verdirilirdi. Bu merminin i\u00e7inde patlay\u0131c\u0131 bulunmaz,
\nd\u00fc\u015fman askerine yak\u0131n mes\u00e2feden at\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u201cZincir\u201d ad\u0131ndaki bir mermi cinsi daha vard\u0131. Ayn\u0131 namludaki
\nbirka\u00e7 mermi ardarda zincirle birbirine irtibatlan\u0131p, ayn\u0131 anda ate\u015f edilirdi. Bunlar daha \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015fman
\ngemilerine kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in, bo\u015f k\u00fcrelerin i\u00e7ine patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde koyarak
\nmermiler elde edildi.<\/p>\n

Birinci D\u00fcny\u00e2 Harbinde kullan\u0131lan mermilerin bir\u00e7o\u011funun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma es\u00e2s\u0131 olduk\u00e7a
\nbasitti. Biraz saniyeli fitil, bir miktar yemleme barutu <\/a>ve paralama barutundan meydana geliyordu.
\nS\u00e2niyeli fitil, istenilen zamanda merminin paralanmas\u0131n\u0131 temin ediyordu. B\u00e2z\u0131 durumlarda mevzii
\nsisleme mermileri de kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. \u0130kinci D\u00fcny\u00e2 Harbinde merminin daha \u00e7ok bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve
\npar\u00e7a tesirine ehemmiyet verildi. D\u00fc\u015fman z\u0131rhl\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 tahrip i\u00e7in \u00e7ukur imla hakl\u0131 mermiler yap\u0131ld\u0131.
\n\u0130kinci D\u00fcny\u00e2 Harbinin sonlar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan atom bombas\u0131, harbi sona erdiren bomba oldu.<\/p>\n

Birikmi\u015f tecr\u00fcbe ve balistik ilmi \u00fczerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar g\u00f6sterdi ki, k\u00fcreden ziyade uzun ve havada takla
\natmayan mermiler, daha kararl\u0131 ve hassas olup, hedefe isabet y\u00fczdesi fazla idi. Ayn\u0131 zamanda b\u00f6yle
\nmermilerin daha uza\u011fa gitti\u011fi tesbit edildi. Sonra kundak ke\u015ffedildi. Kundak, a\u011f\u0131zdan dolan silahlara
\ntatbik edildi. 1857\u2019de Whitworth topu yap\u0131ld\u0131. Namluda a\u00e7\u0131lan 6 iz, mermideki izlerle \u00e7ak\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Yiv ve
\nset sistemleriyle hassasiyet ve menzil artt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Daha sonra toplara konan kundak k\u0131sm\u0131na bir de, i\u011fne tertibat\u0131 eklendi. Art\u0131k mermiler geriden
\ndolmaya ve tetikle ate\u015flenmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. 1848\u2019de t\u00fcfeklere de geriden dolma sistemi getirildi.
\nMisallerine Prusya ordusunda rastland\u0131. 1870\u2019lerde Frans\u0131z-Prusya Harbinde yivli toplar kullan\u0131ld\u0131.
\nYirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan iki b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fcny\u00e2 sava\u015f\u0131, mermilerin tek\u00e2m\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flad\u0131. G\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc
\nsilahlardaki geli\u015fme, bunlar\u0131n mermilerine de intikal etti. D\u00fcny\u00e2 sil\u00e2h san\u00e2yiindeki ilerlemeler zam\u00e2n\u0131n
\nteknolojisine uymakta, her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn menzil ve tahrip g\u00fcc\u00fc farkl\u0131 mermiler yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Genelde
\nmermilerde aran\u0131lan \u00f6zellikler uzun menzil, azam\u00ee ilk h\u0131z, dakikadaki fazla at\u0131m ve tahrip g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn
\n\u00e7oklu\u011fudur. Her silah\u0131n kendine has, mermi tip ve \u015fekilleri vard\u0131r. Mermilerin havada, bir yere
\n\u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yere girdi\u011finde patl\u0131yan cinsleri de vard\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015fman \u00fczerinde elde etmek istenen tesire
\ng\u00f6re mermi \u00e7e\u015fitleri se\u00e7ilir ve kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mermi silahlarda kullan\u0131lan i\u00e7i barut dolu ve silah\u0131n\u00a0att\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fchimmatt\u0131r. \u0130lk\u00a0mermiler kat\u0131 ve sert maddelerden \u00eem\u00e2l edilmi\u015f k\u00fcrelerdi. Kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7en ilk kullan\u0131lma t\u00e2rihleri, M.S.\u00a01300\u2019lere kadar uzan\u0131r.\u00a0\u0130lk top mermileri ta\u015flardan oyularak yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345],"tags":[1024,271],"class_list":["post-3371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-askeri","tag-kursun","tag-mermi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3371"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3371"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3371\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6408,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3371\/revisions\/6408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3371"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3371"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}