Mumya \u00e7e\u015fitli maddelerle bozulmadan uzun y\u0131llar saklanabilecek\u00a0duruma getirilmi\u015f insan bedeni olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir.\u00a0Sun\u2019\u00ee tahnitle veya tabi\u00ee metodlarla cesetlerin \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmesini \u00f6nlemek, \u00e7ok eski zamanlardan beri\u00a0uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M.\u00d6. 2600 y\u0131llar\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da zenginlerin \u00f6l\u00fcleri, kuma\u015f veya deriye sar\u0131larak fazla derin
\nolmayan mezarlara g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca bunlar \u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn fiz\u00eek\u00ee hay\u00e2ta devam etti\u011fine inan\u0131rlard\u0131. Bu\u00a0sebeple \u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn en sevdi\u011fi nesneleri, yiyecekleri, hatt\u00e2 sevdi\u011fi insanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek veya canl\u0131 olarak\u00a0yan\u0131nda g\u00f6merlerdi. Mezarlara konan bu maddeler \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131k\u00e7a, mezar\u0131 daha b\u00fcy\u00fck yapmak ihtiy\u00e2c\u0131\u00a0do\u011fdu ve net\u00eecede cesetlerin toprakla tem\u00e2s\u0131 kesildi. Bu durum eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fclerini geni\u015f\u00a0mezarlarda, tabiat\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131 olmadan muh\u00e2faza etmenin \u00e7\u00e2relerini aramaya sevketti.\u00a0B\u00f6yle bir te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn ilk kesin delilini, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da birinci s\u00fcl\u00e2le taraf\u0131ndan kalma bir mumya ortaya\u00a0koymaktad\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u00fcl\u00e2le zam\u00e2n\u0131ndan kalma ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde mumyalara da rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Be\u015finci s\u00fcl\u00e2le zam\u00e2n\u0131nda ise, mumyalama metodu de\u011fi\u015ftirilip, geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u015fekliyle
\nmumyalamada; \u00f6nce ceset d\u00fcz olarak yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p, g\u00f6vde sol taraf\u0131ndan yar\u0131larak i\u00e7 organlar\u0131
\n\u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131yordu. Sonra meydana gelen bo\u015flu\u011fa keten ve re\u00e7ine doldurulmaktayd\u0131. V\u00fccudun d\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131
\nv\u00fccudun bi\u00e7imini aynen aksettirecek \u015fekilde re\u00e7ineli sarg\u0131larla sar\u0131lmakta, y\u00fcz bi\u00e7iminin teferruat\u0131 ise
\nboya ile g\u00f6sterilmekteydi.<\/p>\n
Orta krall\u0131k \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda mumyalamada bir gerileme g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu zamanda re\u00e7ine daha az kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f,
\nkurutmaya daha fazla \u00f6nem verilmi\u015ftir. Cesetleri tuzlu suda dinlendirme us\u00fbl\u00fc bu devirde ortaya
\n\u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yeni krall\u0131k \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok yenilikler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bunlardan biri, \u00f6zel \u00e2letlerle burundan beynin
\n\u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131 oldu. Ayr\u0131ca geli\u015ftirilen bir kurutma us\u00fbl\u00fc, dokular\u0131n daha fazla korunmas\u0131na yard\u0131m etti.
\nMumyalamadaki en \u00f6nemli geli\u015fme bug\u00fcn dahi kesin olarak muhteviyat\u0131 bilinemeyen re\u00e7ineli koruyucu
\nmaddenin haz\u0131rlan\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve tatbiki olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Mezar h\u0131rs\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn tec\u00e2v\u00fczlerine ra\u011fmen, sa\u011flam kalm\u0131\u015f, o devre \u00e2it kral ve kral \u00e2ilesi fertlerinin
\nmumyalar\u0131 mevcuttur.<\/p>\n
Her ne kadar daha az m\u00e2liyetli mumyalama teknikleri geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve bu da mumyalaman\u0131n halk
\naras\u0131nda yay\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015fsa da esas \u00eetib\u00e2riyle cesetleri mumyalatmak, zenginlere ve kutsal
\nsay\u0131lan kedi, k\u00f6pek, gibi hayvanlara m\u00fcnhas\u0131r kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mumyalanacak ceset, \u00f6nce \u00f6zel bir yere al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Burada \u00f6zel \u00e2letlerle burundan beyni, sol taraf\u0131
\nkesilerek, kalbi hari\u00e7, b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u00e7 organlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Cesedin i\u00e7indeki bo\u015fluk y\u0131kand\u0131ktan ve ceset
\nminimum yer kaplayacak \u015fekilde katland\u0131ktan sonra, tuz veya soda eriyi\u011fi bulunan bir kaba konurdu.
\nBurada su, cesedin ancak ensesine kadar gelirdi. Haftalarca bu eriyi\u011fin i\u00e7inde bekleyen cesedin ya\u011fl\u0131
\nmaddeleri erirdi.<\/p>\n
Eriyi\u011fe bat\u0131r\u0131lmayan ba\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131 durumunu muh\u00e2faza ederdi. T\u0131rnaklara \u00f6zellikle dikkat edilir, korumak
\nmaksad\u0131yla etr\u00e2f\u0131ndaki etler \u00f6nceden kesilir, hatt\u00e2 tellerle ba\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131. Tuzlu veya sodal\u0131 suda
\ndinlendirmeyi m\u00fcte\u00e2kip, \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p, uzat\u0131l\u0131r ve kurumaya sevkedilirdi. Bundan sonra kafatas\u0131 ve v\u00fccudun
\ni\u00e7indeki bo\u015fluklar koruyucu maddelerle doldurulur, geriye kalan v\u00fccudun d\u0131\u015f k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 ise re\u00e7ine ve
\nya\u011fdan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir m\u00e2cunla s\u0131van\u0131rd\u0131. Bunun da \u00fczerine, v\u00fccudun bi\u00e7imini aynen aksettirecek
\n\u015fekilde, \u00f6zel olarak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f re\u00e7ineli keten sarg\u0131lar sar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan i\u00e7 organlar ise, h\u00e2len s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131n
\n\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, kurutma olmaktan \u00f6teye gidilemeyen ayr\u0131 bir muameleye tabi tutulurdu. Mumyalama
\ni\u015flemi yetmi\u015f g\u00fcn s\u00fcrerdi. Mumyalama i\u015fleri M\u0131s\u0131rda yirmi ve yirmi ikinci s\u00fcl\u00e2leler zam\u00e2n\u0131nda teknik
\nbak\u0131mdan en \u00fcst\u00fcn seviyeye ula\u015ft\u0131. Y\u00e2ni bu d\u00f6nemde cesetler canl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne daha yak\u0131n idi. Bu
\nmaksatla cesedin \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinden a\u00e7\u0131lan kesiklerden, deri ile kaslar aras\u0131na kum, \u00e7amur veya ba\u015fka
\nmaddeler sevkediliyordu. Bu maddeler tam\u00e2m\u0131yla v\u00fcc\u00fbdun \u015feklini al\u0131yor, b\u00f6ylece v\u00fccudu hayattaki
\n\u015fekliyle muh\u00e2faza etmeyi sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Ayr\u0131ca sun\u2019\u00ee g\u00f6zler tak\u0131l\u0131yor ve boyan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00f6nemden sonra mumyalama sanat\u0131 gerilemi\u015f; cesedin mumyalanmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok, d\u0131\u015f sarg\u0131s\u0131na
\n\u00f6nem verilmi\u015ftir. Ptolemaioslar d\u00f6neminde bu \u015fekilde yap\u0131lan mumyalar, v\u00fccudun d\u0131\u015f yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir
\nkal\u0131b\u0131 olmaktan \u00f6teye gidemedi. Mumyalama i\u015fi H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131ktan sonra da dev\u00e2m etti. Yaln\u0131z bunlar
\ncesedi alel\u00e2de tuza g\u00f6m\u00fcyor ve iyi muh\u00e2faza ediyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Mumyalar\u0131n yap\u0131l\u0131p tamamlanmas\u0131ndan sonra, icr\u00e2 edilen b\u00fcy\u00fc t\u00f6renlerinde, sihirli \u00e2letle ve b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc
\ns\u00f6zlerle, \u00f6l\u00fcye tekrar hay\u00e2t\u00ee fonksiyonlar\u0131 kazand\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. T\u00f6ren sonunda, fizik\u00ee hay\u00e2ta
\nd\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kab\u00fbl edilen mumyaya da madd\u00ee g\u0131d\u00e2 sa\u011flamak maksad\u0131yla ziy\u00e2fet verilirdi.
\nM\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar mumyalamada, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki kimy\u00e2 tahlillerinden de anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, kesinlikle bit\u00fcm (zift)
\nkullanmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mumyalaman\u0131n co\u011fraf\u00ee yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f alan\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015f olmakla ber\u00e2ber, Asya\u2019da mumyalama pek bilinmez.
\nYaln\u0131z Tibet ve Birmanya\u2019da \u00f6l\u00fclerini mumyalayan topluluklar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Mumya \u00e7e\u015fitli maddelerle bozulmadan uzun y\u0131llar saklanabilecek\u00a0duruma getirilmi\u015f insan bedeni olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir.\u00a0Sun\u2019\u00ee tahnitle veya tabi\u00ee metodlarla cesetlerin \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmesini \u00f6nlemek, \u00e7ok eski zamanlardan beri\u00a0uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M.\u00d6. 2600 y\u0131llar\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da zenginlerin \u00f6l\u00fcleri, kuma\u015f…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[2247,2248],"class_list":["post-3418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-saglik","tag-mumya","tag-mumyalama"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3418"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3418"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3418\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7527,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3418\/revisions\/7527"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3418"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3418"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3418"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}