{"id":3445,"date":"2016-01-01T01:51:11","date_gmt":"2015-12-31T23:51:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3445"},"modified":"2018-10-02T22:02:18","modified_gmt":"2018-10-02T20:02:18","slug":"muzeyi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3445","title":{"rendered":"\u0130lk M\u00fcze nerede, ne zaman kuruldu?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sanat eserlerinin sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve insanlar\u0131n bunlar\u0131\u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fcp faydalanmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel binalarda sergilendi\u011fi yerler. M\u00fcze kelimesi eski Yunancada \u201cbilimler\u00a0tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u201d manas\u0131ndaki \u201cMouseion\u201d kelimesinden gelir.\u00a0D\u00fcnyada ilk m\u00fcze, m\u00eelattan \u00f6nce \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130skenderiye\u2019de birinci <strong>Ptolemaios<\/strong> zaman\u0131nda\u00a0kurulmu\u015ftur. M\u00fcze ad\u0131 verilen ilk bina, asl\u0131nda bir \u00fcniversitedir. Sanata ve bilime de\u011fer veren okullar\u0131n\u00a0bir araya toplanmas\u0131ndan meydana getirilmi\u015ftir. Bu ilk m\u00fczede, sanat eserlerinden ziyade eski kitaplar\u00a0vard\u0131. Daha sonraki y\u0131llarda zamanla m\u00fczeler, sanat eserleriyle doldurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015fekliyle m\u00fczeler, 1492\u2019de\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/amerikayi-kim-buldu\/\">Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffedilmesi<\/a>nden sonra, insanlar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yap\u0131lan eserlere kar\u015f\u0131 ilgilerinin artmas\u0131\u00a0ve Eski Yunan, Roma, Asur, Babil uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n incelenerek devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n bu incelenen eserleri\u00a0sat\u0131n almalar\u0131, ayr\u0131ca deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00fclkelere giden seyyahlar\u0131n buralardan getirdikleri antika e\u015fyalar\u0131 (eski\u00a0eserleri) toplamalar\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Eski e\u015fya ve eski eser toplama merak\u0131 on alt\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, toplanan\u00a0e\u015fyalar daha sonra m\u00fczeler i\u00e7in malzeme te\u015fkil etmi\u015ftir. On yedinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda ise bilim dernekleri kurulmu\u015ftur. Bu\u00a0derneklerin \u00fcyeleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in malzeme arad\u0131klar\u0131nda m\u00fczelerden faydalanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0130lk Modern M\u00fcze &#8211;\u00a0Ashmole M\u00fczesi<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130lk modern anlamda m\u00fcze, 1683 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019de Oxford \u00dcniversitesi&#8217;nde kuruldu. Bu m\u00fczede eski\u00a0eser toplama merakl\u0131lar\u0131ndan olan\u00a0<strong>Elias Ashmole<\/strong>\u2019nin koleksiyonlar\u0131ndan faydalan\u0131ld\u0131 ve kurulan m\u00fczeye\u00a0\u201c<em>Ashmole M\u00fczesi<\/em>\u201d ad\u0131 verildi. Daha sonra on sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda m\u00fczeler herkesin istifade edebilece\u011fi\u00a0kurumlar haline getirildi. Bu devirde <strong>Sir Hans Sloane<\/strong> ad\u0131nda tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir eski e\u015fya toplama merakl\u0131s\u0131,\u00a0\u00f6lmeden \u00f6nce b\u00fct\u00fcn kolleksiyonunu \u0130ngiliz Parlamentosuna hediye etti ve bu eserler 1759\u2019da kurulan\u00a0me\u015fhur <strong>British Museum<\/strong>\u2019un temelini meydana getirdi.<\/p>\n<p>Amerika\u2019da ise ilk m\u00fcze, 1773\u2019te Charleston \u015fehrinde kuruldu ve bug\u00fcn hala a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu m\u00fcze,\u00a0Charleston kitapl\u0131k kurulunun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. M\u00fczenin salonlar\u0131nda G\u00fcney Carolina\u2019n\u0131n eski\u00a0eserleri de sergilendi.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00fczelerin g\u00f6revi, sanat ve bilim adamlar\u0131na tetkik ettikleri konular \u00fczerinde malzeme sa\u011flamak, halk\u0131n\u00a0k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn artmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmakt\u0131r. Nitekim Amerika ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019de m\u00fczeler, okullara, talep\u00a0edildi\u011fi zaman, malzeme g\u00f6nderirler. Birtak\u0131m \u00fclkelerde de okul \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 baz\u0131 dersleri m\u00fczelerdeki\u00a0eserleri inceleyerek \u00f6\u011frenirler.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00fczelerin esas g\u00f6revlerinden biri de, eski eserleri bulmak ve muhafaza etmektir. M\u00fczeler; genel\u00a0m\u00fczeler, tabiat, sanat, tarih ve tatb\u00eek\u00ee bilimler gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli kollara ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bunlardan tatb\u00eek\u00ee bilimlere\u00a0ayr\u0131lan m\u00fczelerde yeni \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f makinalar, end\u00fcstri aletleri sergilenir. Baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde ise, daha ziyade<br \/>\n\u00e7ocuklar\u0131n istifade edebilecekleri \u00e7ocuk m\u00fczeleri kurulmu\u015ftur. Sanat eserlerinin bulundu\u011fu sanat\u00a0m\u00fczeleri, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Fransa\u2019da bulunan Louvre M\u00fczesi, me\u015fhur\u00a0ressamlar\u0131n en k\u0131ymetli eserlerinin halka g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir m\u00fczedir. Ayr\u0131ca tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerin<br \/>\ndo\u011fduklar\u0131 ve ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 evleri de m\u00fcze yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu tip m\u00fczelerde genellikle o ki\u015filere ait e\u015fyalar,\u00a0hat\u0131ralar sergilenir. \u0130ngiltere\u2019de Shakespear\u2019in do\u011fdu\u011fu ev, sonradan m\u00fcze yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve halk\u0131n\u00a0istifadesine sunulmu\u015f bu tip bir m\u00fczedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Atat\u00fcrk M\u00fczelerinin baz\u0131lar\u0131 da bu cins<br \/>\nm\u00fczelerdendir.<\/p>\n<p>Son zamanlarda, bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck iki m\u00fczesi, Paris\u2019te \u201cLouvre\u201d ile New York \u201cMetropolitan\u201d\u00a0m\u00fczeleri, aralar\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fi yap\u0131p, bir d\u00fcnya m\u00fczesinin ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 atm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f,\u00a0m\u00fczecili\u011fe yeni bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f getirmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re, m\u00fczeler aras\u0131nda eser de\u011fi\u015fimi yap\u0131larak insanlar\u0131n<br \/>\nher \u00fclkenin tarih\u00ee eserlerinden faydalanmas\u0131 imkan\u0131 do\u011fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sanat eserlerinin sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve insanlar\u0131n bunlar\u0131\u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fcp faydalanmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel binalarda sergilendi\u011fi yerler. M\u00fcze kelimesi eski Yunancada \u201cbilimler\u00a0tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u201d manas\u0131ndaki \u201cMouseion\u201d kelimesinden gelir.\u00a0D\u00fcnyada ilk m\u00fcze, m\u00eelattan \u00f6nce \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130skenderiye\u2019de birinci&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5607,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,22],"tags":[1068,2030],"class_list":["post-3445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-egitim","category-toplum","tag-muze","tag-muzecilik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3445"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3445"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3445\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12180,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3445\/revisions\/12180"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5607"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3445"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3445"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3445"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}