{"id":3473,"date":"2010-02-17T02:28:23","date_gmt":"2010-02-17T00:28:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3473"},"modified":"2018-02-25T18:05:02","modified_gmt":"2018-02-25T16:05:02","slug":"nukleik-asitleri-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3473","title":{"rendered":"N\u00fckleik Asitleri kim buldu, kim ke\u015ffetti"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00fckleik Asitler insan, hayvan, bitki,\u00a0mikroorganizma ve vir\u00fcs gibi b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131larda bulunan ve kal\u0131tsal \u00f6zelliklerin nesilden nesile\u00a0ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan kimyev\u00ee bile\u015fikler. Do\u011fadaki en uzun polimerler (zincirli molek\u00fcller) olan n\u00fckleik\u00a0asitler, yap\u0131lar\u0131nda fosforik asit, organik baz ve pentoz \u015fekerleri ihtiv\u00e2 ederler. Zay\u0131f, k\u0131r\u0131lgan\u00a0molek\u00fcllerdir.<\/p>\n

Bile\u015fikler, 1871\u2019de \u0130svi\u00e7reli biyokimy\u00e2c\u0131 Friedrich Miescher<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0\u0130lk def\u00e2 h\u00fccre \u00e7ekirde\u011finde ke\u015ffedildi\u011finden dolay\u0131, \u00e7ekirdek asidi anlam\u0131nda \u201cn\u00fckleik asit\u201d ad\u0131 verildi.\u00a0Sonraki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar bu asitlerin h\u00fccrenin di\u011fer b\u00e2z\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda da bulunabildi\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n

N\u00fckleik asitler organizman\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn genetik bilgilerini depolar ve yeni nesillere aktar\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca h\u00fccrenin\u00a0\u00fcremesi, protein ve enzim sentezi gibi bir\u00e7ok temel hayat olaylar\u0131n\u0131 da y\u00f6netirler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u201cy\u00f6netici\u00a0molek\u00fcller\u201d olarak da isimlendirilirler.<\/p>\n

N\u00fckleik asitler, organizman\u0131n h\u00fccre y\u00f6netimi ve kal\u0131tsal\u00a0\u00f6zelliklerle ilgili b\u00fct\u00fcn bilgilerini ihtiv\u00e2 eden ve bunlar\u0131 vakti geldik\u00e7e kullanan bir \u00e7e\u015fit \u201cbilgisayar\u00a0h\u00e2f\u0131za\u201ds\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

N\u00fckleik asitler, yap\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re;<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. DNA (Deoksiribon\u00fckleik asit),<\/li>\n
  2. RNA (Ribon\u00fckleik\u00a0asit)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    olmak \u00fczere iki gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. DNA\u2019lar yap\u0131lar\u0131nda \u201cdeoksiriboz\u201d \u015fekeri, RNA\u2019lar ise \u201criboz\u201d\u00a0\u015fekeri ihtiv\u00e2 ederler.<\/p>\n

    N\u00fckleotidler<\/h2>\n

    B\u00fct\u00fcn n\u00fckleik asitler, \u201cn\u00fckleotid\u201d denen birimlerden olu\u015furlar. N\u00fckleotidler, n\u00fckleik\u00a0asitlerin yap\u0131ta\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r. Baz, \u015feker ve fosfat birimlerinden olu\u015fan kompleks molek\u00fcllerdir. Yap\u0131s\u0131nda\u00a0riboz \u015fekeri ta\u015f\u0131yanlara \u201cribonukleotid\u201d, deoksiriboz \u015fekeri ta\u015f\u0131yanlara \u201cdeoksiribonukleotid\u201d denir.\u00a0Ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 bazlara g\u00f6re de \u201cadenin nukleotid\u201d, \u201cguanin nukleotid\u201d gibi isimler al\u0131rlar. DNA\u00a0deoksiribonukleotidlerden, RNA ribonukleotidlerden meydana gelir.<\/p>\n

    Deoksiribon\u00fckleik asit (DNA), daha \u00e7ok kromozomlarda bulunur. Ribon\u00fckleik asit (RNA), hem \u00e7ekirdek\u00a0hem de h\u00fccre sitoplazmas\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Her ikisi de d\u00fcny\u00e2daki ya\u015fayan b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131klarda mevcuttur ve\u00a0bu iki bile\u015fik olmaks\u0131z\u0131n h\u00fccre b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi olamaz. Memelilerin spermleri s\u00e2dece DNA ihtiv\u00e2 eder.\u00a0Vir\u00fcslerde iki n\u00fckleik asitten birisi bulunur.<\/p>\n

    N\u00fckleik asitler, binlerce monon\u00fckleotidden (birimden) meydana gelmi\u015f zincirlerdir.\u00a0Her birim par\u00e7a, azotlu bir k\u00f6k\u00fcn bir \u015fekere (DNA\u2019da deoksiriboz, RNA\u2019da riboz) ve bir fosfata\u00a0ba\u011flanmas\u0131yla meydana gelir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    N\u00fckleik Asitler insan, hayvan, bitki,\u00a0mikroorganizma ve vir\u00fcs gibi b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131larda bulunan ve kal\u0131tsal \u00f6zelliklerin nesilden nesile\u00a0ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan kimyev\u00ee bile\u015fikler. Do\u011fadaki en uzun polimerler (zincirli molek\u00fcller) olan n\u00fckleik\u00a0asitler, yap\u0131lar\u0131nda fosforik asit,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10023,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[1434,2008],"class_list":["post-3473","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","tag-friedrich-miescher","tag-nukleik-asitler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3473"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3473"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3473\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10024,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3473\/revisions\/10024"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10023"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3473"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3473"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3473"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}