{"id":3487,"date":"2012-02-27T00:01:26","date_gmt":"2012-02-26T22:01:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3487"},"modified":"2017-01-06T23:26:33","modified_gmt":"2017-01-06T21:26:33","slug":"oksijeni-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3487","title":{"rendered":"Oksijeni kim buldu, kim ke\u015ffetti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Oksijenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz bir ger\u00e7ek iken ilk\u00a0\u00f6nce hangi bilim adam\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffi oldu\u011fu olduk\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Oksijen elementler i\u00e7inde \u00e7ok bol bulunan\u0131 oldu\u011fu halde, eski kimyac\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnden ka\u00e7an renksiz, kokusuz ve tats\u0131z bir gazd\u0131r. Kimyada \u201cO\u201d sembol\u00fcyle g\u00f6sterilir. Atom numaras\u0131 8 olan oksijenin tabiatta k\u00fctle numaralar\u0131 16, 17\u00a0 ve 18 olan \u00fc\u00e7 izotopu vard\u0131r. Oksijenin atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 16 olarak kabul edilir.<\/p>\n

Carl Wilhelm Scheele<\/h2>\n

Carl Wilhelm Scheele<\/b> (9 Aral\u0131k 1742-21 May\u0131s 1786), \u0130sve\u00e7 as\u0131ll\u0131 Alman eczac\u0131 ve kimyager. 9 Aral\u0131k 1742’de Bat\u0131 Pomeranya’n\u0131n Stralsund \u015fehrinde do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Oksijen, molibden, klor gibi elementlerin ka\u015fifidir. Hatta gliserol, laktik asit ve hidrojen siyanit gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasallar\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. Oksijeni ke\u015ffetti\u011fi halde yay\u0131mlama hatas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Joseph Priestley bu ke\u015ffi kendine mal etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Joseph Priestley ve Antoine Lavoisier<\/h2>\n

\u0130lk defa 1774 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0 Joseph Priestley<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan, civa oksidin \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ile elde edildi. 1781\u2019de Antonie Lavoisier, oksijenin, havada bulunan ve yanmay\u0131 meydana getiren bir madde oldu\u011funu bildirdi. Lavoisier ise oksijenin ate\u015fin kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu yan\u0131c\u0131 bir element oldu\u011funu bu y\u00fczden ke\u015ffin kendisine ithaf edilmesini istemi\u015fti. Bu maddeye, asit yap\u0131s\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelen oxygen\u0131um ismini verdi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Lavoisier, b\u00fct\u00fcn asitlerin oksijen i\u00e7erdi\u011fini etti\u011fini san\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Atmosfer, hacim olarak % 21, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k\u00e7a % 23,2 oksijen ihtiva eder. Su, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k\u00e7a % 88,8 oksijen bulundurur. Yer kabu\u011funun ise % 50\u2019sini te\u015fkil eder. Oksijen, serbest halde, havada, suda, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olarak ve toprak i\u00e7inde en \u00e7ok nitrat, fosfat ve karbonat halinde yer kabu\u011fu i\u00e7inde bulunur.<\/p>\n

Oksijenin Elde edili\u015fi<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • Suyun elektrolizinden elde edilir. Az miktarda baz veya asit ilave edilmi\u015f saf su elektroliz edilirse, anotta, \u00e7ok saf oksijen elde edilir.<\/li>\n
  • Laboratuvarda, potasyum klorat\u0131n (KClO3) mangandioksit (MnO2) ile \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131ndan elde edilir.<\/li>\n
  • Potasyum permanganat ile hidrojen peroksit, asitli ortamda oksijen verir.<\/li>\n
  • End\u00fcstride, havadan elde edilir. Hava, s\u0131v\u0131 hale getirilir. S\u0131v\u0131 havan\u0131n franksiyonlu destilasyonunda \u00f6nce azot buharla\u015f\u0131r, geriye % 99,5 safl\u0131kta oksijen kal\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  • Yine end\u00fcstride, \u00e7ok saf oksijen, baryum peroksidin (BaO2) 800\u00b0ye kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131ndan elde edilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Oksijenin\u00a0Kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/h2>\n

    Hidrojen ve asetilen gibi yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlarla birle\u015ftirilerek kaynak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu alevin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 4000\u00b0C oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, metal y\u00fczeylerini eriterek, metalleri birbirine mevzi alarak birle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

    Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131ktan faydalan\u0131larak, metaller ve \u00e7elikler kesilir. Kaynak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta ve kesme i\u015fleminde kullan\u0131lan oksijen, % 95,5 safl\u0131ktad\u0131r. Bu oksijen, t\u0131pta oksijen tedavisinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Roketlerin tahrikinde, dalg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n su alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, su gaz\u0131 \u00eemalinde, y\u00fcksek f\u0131r\u0131nlarda sentetik ta\u015flar\u0131n imalinde, kimyasal sentezlerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Oksijen \u00c7evrimi Nedir<\/h2>\n

    Oksijenin de\u011fi\u015fik bi\u00e7imlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek tabiatta devaml\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Oksijen havada gaz halinde suda ise bile\u015fik olarak bulunur. \u0130nsanlar, hayvanlar ve baz\u0131 bitkiler teneff\u00fcs yoluyla ald\u0131klar\u0131 oksijeni karbondioksit halinde havaya veya suya geri verirler. Daha sonra algler ve ye\u015fil bitkiler ald\u0131klar\u0131 karbondioksidi fotosentez yoluyla karbonhidratlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcrler. Bu arada yan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00a0olarak da oksijen a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. D\u00fcnyadaki sular biyosferin ba\u015fl\u0131ca oksijen kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Mevcut oksijenin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131n\u0131n sularda ya\u015fayan alglerce kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Tabiattaki olaylar atmosferdeki oksijen miktar\u0131n\u0131n sabit kalmas\u0131na ve b\u00f6ylece hayat\u0131n devam etmesine imkan sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Oksijenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz bir ger\u00e7ek iken ilk\u00a0\u00f6nce hangi bilim adam\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffi oldu\u011fu olduk\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Oksijen elementler i\u00e7inde \u00e7ok bol bulunan\u0131 oldu\u011fu halde, eski kimyac\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnden ka\u00e7an renksiz, kokusuz ve tats\u0131z…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[2682,2680,1685,1684],"class_list":["post-3487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","tag-antoine-lavoisier","tag-carl-wilhelm-scheele","tag-joseph-priestley","tag-oksijen"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3487"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3487"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3487\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8198,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3487\/revisions\/8198"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3487"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3487"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3487"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}