{"id":3553,"date":"2012-02-26T00:08:31","date_gmt":"2012-02-25T22:08:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3553"},"modified":"2018-02-26T03:03:36","modified_gmt":"2018-02-26T01:03:36","slug":"parasutu-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3553","title":{"rendered":"Para\u015f\u00fct\u00fc kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Para\u015f\u00fct\u00fc kim icat etti<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Para\u015f\u00fct, bir cismin veya ki\u015finin havada d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatmaya veya s\u00fcratli bir hava arac\u0131n\u0131n ini\u015fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131p durdurmaya yarayan kubbe bi\u00e7iminde bir yelkendir. Para\u015f\u00fct, ipekten veya naylondan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kubbe bi\u00e7iminde bir yelkenden meydana gelir. Bu yelken \u00e7evresine e\u015fit aral\u0131klarla tutturulmu\u015f ask\u0131lar yard\u0131m\u0131 ile bir para\u015f\u00fct kemerine veya yele\u011fine ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan v\u00fccudunun serbest d\u00fc\u015fme h\u0131z\u0131 saniyede 50 m kadard\u0131r. Para\u015f\u00fct kullanmakla bu h\u0131z saniyede 6 veya 7 m\u2019ye iner. Bu da 2,5-3 m y\u00fckseklikten atlayan insan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fme h\u0131z\u0131na e\u015fittir. Para\u015f\u00fct\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki vurma \u015fiddeti, normal \u015fartlarda yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 500-600 kg aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir, fakat 1000-1500 kg\u2019a kadar da \u00e7\u0131kabilir. U\u00e7aktan <\/a>atlanabilen en az y\u00fckseklik e\u011fitim i\u00e7in 300 m, askeri harekatta 200 m\u2019dir. Bir kurtarma para\u015f\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 8-8.5 kg ve y\u00fczeyi de 50 m2dir.<\/p>\n

Para\u015f\u00fct fikri \u00e7ok eski zamanlara dayan\u0131r. O kadar ki insan\u0131n u\u00e7mak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden evvele ait bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce mazisi vard\u0131r. \u0130lk para\u015f\u00fctle atlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n 1306\u2019da yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair tarih\u00ee vesikalar, Pekin Mahzenlerindeki tarihi dok\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur. Belgelerde, imparatorun tahta \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 sebebiyle bu tarihte bir cambaz para\u015f\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn, \u00c7in saray\u0131 hanedan\u0131na y\u00fcksek bir binan\u0131n \u00fczerinden atlayarak g\u00f6steriler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak bu akrobatlar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 para\u015f\u00fctler bambudan veya ka\u011f\u0131ttan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015femsiyeler \u015feklindeydi.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk cidd\u00ee para\u015f\u00fct atlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 diyebilece\u011fimiz tecr\u00fcbe 1617\u2019de \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Venedik \u015fehrinde bir kuleden Macar ilim adam\u0131 olan Fause taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015far\u0131yla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1777 tarihinde Joseph Montgolfier, Fransa\u2019da bir evin \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131ndan para\u015f\u00fct atlamalar\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1783\u2019te fizik\u00e7i Sabestian Lenormand ad\u0131ndaki bir Frans\u0131z, koni \u015feklinde bir para\u015f\u00fctle Montpellier meteoroloji kulesinden atlayarak sa\u011f\u00a0 salim yere inmi\u015ftir. Beanchart ise halk\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015f denemelerinde, bazan \u00e7e\u015fitli hayvanlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015femsiyelere ba\u011flayarak bo\u015flu\u011fa b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fakat bu tarihlerde yap\u0131lan atlay\u0131\u015flar y\u00fcksek\u00e7e bir yerden atlamaktan ileri gitmiyor, sadece topluluklar\u0131n meraklar\u0131n\u0131 giderici mahiyette oluyordu.<\/p>\n

Balonlar\u0131n geli\u015fmesiyle para\u015f\u00fct daha \u00f6nemli hale gelmi\u015ftir. Jean Pierre 1785 y\u0131l\u0131nda Man\u015f Denizini ge\u00e7erek, Frankfurt \u015fehrinde g\u00f6steriler yapm\u0131\u015f, bu s\u0131rada balonun gaz s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle patlamas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden kendisi balonun alt\u0131ndaki para\u015f\u00fct sayesinde kurtulmu\u015ftur. Bununla birlikte ger\u00e7ek anlamda para\u015f\u00fctle havadan ilk ini\u015f 22 Ekim 1797\u2019de Andrea Jacques Garnerin taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Paris\u2019teki Moncean Park\u0131 \u00fczerinden 1000 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011fe var\u0131nca, balonu sepete ba\u011flayan ipleri keserek balondan ayr\u0131lan Garnerin, Moncean Ovas\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok tehlikeli bir \u015fekilde sallanarak yere indi. Sallant\u0131lar para\u015f\u00fct\u00fcn alt\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015fan havan\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kacak yer bulamay\u0131p ancak para\u015f\u00fct\u00fcn etek kenarlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan ileri geliyordu. Garnerin 1000 m irtifadan balonun alt\u0131nda bulunan para\u015f\u00fctle atlamas\u0131, zaman\u0131n Avrupas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck yank\u0131lar b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A. Garnerin bu atlay\u0131\u015fta konik para\u015f\u00fct yerine, yar\u0131m k\u00fcre \u015feklinde para\u015f\u00fct kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu tarihten sonra Astronom Lanan para\u015f\u00fct\u00fcn kubbesinde havan\u0131n ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 temin eden tepe deli\u011fini a\u00e7arak rakkas\u0131 (sallant\u0131y\u0131) \u00f6nlemi\u015ftir. Bundan sonra Lorenz Hengler 1832 y\u0131l\u0131nda para\u015f\u00fctlerde olduk\u00e7a m\u00fchim de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1814 y\u0131l\u0131nda Eliza Garner isimli kad\u0131n, bir\u00e7ok atlay\u0131\u015f yaparak para\u015f\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck tarihine ilk kad\u0131n para\u015f\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc olarak ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. U\u00e7aklar\u0131n ke\u015ffedilmesiyle para\u015f\u00fcte duyulan ihtiya\u00e7 daha da artm\u0131\u015f ve u\u00e7aktan ilk atlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 Berry isimli bir Amerikal\u0131 y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 1912 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n mart ay\u0131nda Sant-Louis\u2019ta ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. U\u00e7akta oturan Berry, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n alt k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki bir torbaya yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f para\u015f\u00fcte ask\u0131larla ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 19 A\u011fustos 1913\u2019te Frans\u0131z pilotu Pegoud Bleriot\u2019un da u\u00e7aktan para\u015f\u00fctle atlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda para\u015f\u00fct; balonla u\u00e7an pek\u00e7ok havac\u0131 ve g\u00f6zlemci kadar, say\u0131s\u0131z u\u00e7ak pilotunun da hayat\u0131n\u0131 kurtarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O g\u00fcnden bu yana para\u015f\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck hem sava\u015f, hem spor, hem de kurtarma tekni\u011fi oldu. Hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f alanlar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 ile bug\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitli ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 para\u015f\u00fctler yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131na kadar para\u015f\u00fctler, ya keten, pamuk ve ipek gibi tabi\u00ee ipliklerden veya viskoz ve asetat ipli\u011fi gibi sel\u00fcloz liflerinden yap\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Keten ve pamuk ipli\u011finin kal\u0131n, ipe\u011fin de pahal\u0131 olmas\u0131 sebebiyle, 1939\u2019da ABD ve Almanya\u2019da naylonun bulunmas\u0131na kadar, yaln\u0131zca belirli bi\u00e7imlerde para\u015f\u00fct yap\u0131labildi. \u00c7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve para\u015f\u00fct\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda meydana gelen \u015foklara \u00e7ok iyi dayanan naylon, k\u0131sa zamanda \u00f6teki tabi\u00ee ipliklerin yerini ald\u0131. Yeni geli\u015ftirilen yap\u0131m usulleriyle her t\u00fcr naylon iplik \u00fcretilebiliyordu. Naylon ipli\u011fiyle dokunmu\u015f para\u015f\u00fct kuma\u015f\u0131n\u0131n tek olumsuz yan\u0131, s\u0131cak bir ortamda yumu\u015fay\u0131p delinmesiydi. Bu da, kuma\u015fa ince bir silikon\u00a0 tabakas\u0131 kaplanarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc. Ancak, naylon para\u015f\u00fctlerin korunmalar\u0131nda en basit us\u00fbl, para\u015f\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7ok dikkatli katlan\u0131p toplanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7apraz bi\u00e7imli havadan ikmal (malzeme atma) para\u015f\u00fctleri, polipropilen ipli\u011finden dokunmu\u015f kuma\u015flarla yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu madde, ucuz olman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, sert ipli\u011fin, para\u015f\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7ok \u00e7abuk \u015fi\u015fmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Krepon ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 ve polietilen\u00a0 para\u015f\u00fctlerle de baz\u0131 deneyler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ama bunlar\u0131n, malzeme ve \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemi olarak, seri \u00fcretime uygun olmad\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Naylon ipli\u011finden dokunmu\u015f para\u015f\u00fct kuma\u015flar\u0131 ve kolanlar, eskiden kullan\u0131lan keten ve pamuk gibi do\u011fal ipliklerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kuma\u015flardan, hem daha az yer kaplar, hem de \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015flemlerden ge\u00e7irilip boyanarak, g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir hale getirilebilirler. Pilot kabininde uzun s\u00fcre g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda, kalan para\u015f\u00fct kolan ve ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n, b\u00f6yle bir \u00f6zellik ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Para\u015f\u00fct\u00fc kim icat etti Para\u015f\u00fct, bir cismin veya ki\u015finin havada d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatmaya veya s\u00fcratli bir hava arac\u0131n\u0131n ini\u015fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131p durdurmaya yarayan kubbe bi\u00e7iminde bir yelkendir. Para\u015f\u00fct, ipekten…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10186,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345,23],"tags":[497,1670,1669],"class_list":["post-3553","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-askeri","category-spor","tag-parasut","tag-parasutu-kim-icat-etti","tag-parasutun-icadi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3553"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3553"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3553\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10187,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3553\/revisions\/10187"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10186"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3553"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}