![\"benjamin-franklin-paratoner\"](\"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/benjamin-franklin-paratoner.jpeg\")
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Paratonerini evine takmadan birbu\u00e7uk y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Franklin, y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n, elektrik y\u00fckl\u00fc oldu\u011fu yolundaki teorisini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Franklin’in “New Experiments and Observations in Electricity” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleri, M. Dalibard adl\u0131 amat\u00f6r bir frans\u0131z fizik\u00e7isi taraf\u0131ndan hayata ge\u00e7irildi. M.Dalibard, Paris’- in 25 kilometre uza\u011f\u0131ndaki Marly-la-Ville’deki k\u0131r evine deney amac\u0131yla bir paratoner takt\u0131. 10 May\u0131s 1752 g\u00fcn\u00fc 25 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki bu paratoner binan\u0131n \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen bir y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ekerek topra\u011fa iletti ve b\u00f6ylece Franklin’in varsay\u0131m\u0131, hi\u00e7bir ku\u015fkuya yer b\u0131rakmayacak bi\u00e7imde do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f oldu. Bu sonu\u00e7 Amerika’ya ula\u015famadan, Franklin 4 Temmuz 1752 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcnl\u00fc u\u00e7urtma deneyini yapt\u0131 ve varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011funu kendi kendine kan\u0131tlad\u0131. Evine takt\u0131\u011f\u0131 paratonerden sonra yine 1752 y\u0131l\u0131 Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda, Philadelphia’daki Akademi Binas\u0131’na ve Indepencence Hall’e de paratoner takt\u0131.<\/p>\n
1884\u2019te Bel\u00e7ikal\u0131 fizik\u00e7i Melsens korunacak yeri Faraday kafesine ald\u0131. Korunacak binan\u0131n y\u00fczeyinde bir tak\u0131m metalik metalik \u015feritler vard\u0131r. Bunlar birbirleri aras\u0131nda ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda birer sivri u\u00e7 bulunmakta, hepsi de topraklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu koruma sisteminin emniyeti, metalik hatlardan meydana gelen kafesin a\u011flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6zlerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6zler ne kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olursa, koruma emniyeti o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fcr. Bu durum her tesis i\u00e7in yeterli bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemektedir. Fakat Faraday kafesiyle koruma pahal\u0131 bir emniyet sistemidir.<\/p>\n
Radyoaktif paratoner<\/h2>\n
M. Davzere ve Sazillar adl\u0131 ilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan faydalanarak geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n meydana geldi\u011fi yerlerde havan\u0131n fazla \u015fekilde iyonla\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu belirlenmi\u015ftir. Bu sebepten tek bir \u00e7ubuk kullanarak emniyetli bir paratoner yapman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir. Bahsedilen \u00e7ubuk, radyumla donat\u0131larak etkisi, daha sonralar\u0131 bir de h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 sistem eklenerek\u00a0 paratonerin verimi artt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Geli\u015fmelerle az miktarda radyumla, bol miktarda iyonizasyon sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Radyoaktif paratonerleri, Franklin prensibinden faydalan\u0131larak geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 her hangi bir istenen noktaya ve sonra onu topra\u011fa bo\u015faltmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Prensipteki bu benzerlik, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensibinde de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Franklin paratoneri az miktarda iyon yapmakta, halbuki radyoaktif paratoner \u00e7ok miktarda iyon yaymaktad\u0131r. Misal olarak bir miligram (mg) radyumun saniyede 2,8×1013\u00a0\u00e7ift iyon yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Di\u011fer taraftan bu metod paratoner taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131lan iyon ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 milyon de\u011ferinde bir katsay\u0131 ile \u00e7o\u011faltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bulut y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn azalmas\u0131nda etkili bir rol oynar. Meydana getirilen iyonlar, bir h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 sistemle daha da y\u00fcksek\u00a0 h\u0131zlara eri\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Paratoner evleri, y\u00fcksek binalar\u0131 ve sanayi tesislerini, y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mdan koruyan, y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mdan gelen elektri\u011fin en k\u0131sa yoldan topra\u011fa akmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan cihazd\u0131r. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, toprakla bulut aras\u0131nda elektrik y\u00fcklerinin s\u00fcratli bir \u015fekilde yer de\u011fi\u015fmesi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11827,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[1419,116],"class_list":["post-3555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ev","tag-benjamin-franklin","tag-paratoner"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3555"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3555"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3555\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11829,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3555\/revisions\/11829"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11827"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}