{"id":3575,"date":"2012-02-21T01:31:23","date_gmt":"2012-02-20T23:31:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3575"},"modified":"2018-02-28T00:22:06","modified_gmt":"2018-02-27T22:22:06","slug":"penisilini-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3575","title":{"rendered":"Penisilini kim ke\u015ffetti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Penisilin 1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda Londra\u2019da Sir Alexander Flemming<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan Penicillum Notatum adl\u0131 k\u00fcfte ke\u015ffedilen bir antibiyotiktir. Bu madde, ilk olarak 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir \u0130skandinavyal\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olmakla beraber o y\u0131llarda iyile\u015ftirici g\u00fcc\u00fc bilinmemekteydi.\u00a01945 y\u0131l\u0131nda Flemming\u2019le birlikte Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kazanan Oxfordlu Florey ve Chain, penisilinin kitle halinde elde edilebilmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn penisilinlerde temel yap\u0131 \u201c6 amino penisilanik asit\u201dtir. Antibakteriyel yap\u0131 i\u00e7in bu yap\u0131n\u0131n bozulmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. 6 aminopenisilanik asit fabrika laboratuvarlar\u0131nda yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131ktan sonra, bu aside de\u011fi\u015fik yan zincirlerin eklenmesiyle penisiline benzer yap\u0131da bir\u00e7ok bile\u015fik elde edilmi\u015ftir. Bu yar\u0131 sentetik penisilinlerin yap\u0131m\u0131nda g\u00f6zetilen \u00f6zellikler, bunlar\u0131n bakterilerce yap\u0131lan ve etkiyi yok eden \u201cpenisilinaz\u201d fermentine diren\u00e7li olmalar\u0131 ve daha \u00e7ok bakteri t\u00fcr\u00fcne etkili olmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Penisilinler kuru toz halinde bozulmadan uzun s\u00fcre saklanabilirler. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k sudaki sol\u00fcsyonlar\u0131 oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tesirlerini 24 saat i\u00e7inde kaybederler. Bu sebeple zerke mahsus penisilin m\u00fcstahzarlar\u0131 kuru toz halinde bulunurlar. Zerk edilecekleri zaman\u00a0 suland\u0131r\u0131larak bekletilmeden kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn penisilinler, bakterilerin duvar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyerek onlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne sebep olurlar. \u00d6zellikle gram pozitif bakterilere (stafilokoklar, streptokoklar, pn\u00f6monokoklar, difteri mikrobu, frengi mikrobu, gonokok ve meningokoklara) tesirlidir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, verem basiliyle gram negatif basillere tesirli de\u011fildirler. Bakterilerin toksinlerini yok edemediklerinden dolay\u0131 bu \u00e7e\u015fit bakteri toksinleriyle meydana gelen hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 da tesirli de\u011fildirler (tetanos, \u015farbon, difteri gibi). Ayr\u0131ca baz\u0131 bakteri cinsleri zamanla penisiline al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bunlara kar\u015f\u0131 ilac\u0131n tesiri azalmakta ve ilk zamanlarda kullan\u0131lan dozlardan \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek dozlar kullan\u0131lmak durumunda kal\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Penisilinler genellikle kas i\u00e7ine zerk edilirler. Ancak tahri\u015f yapmalar\u0131 sebebiyle prokainpenisilin hari\u00e7 penisilinlerin kas i\u00e7ine injeksiyonu a\u011fr\u0131ya sebep olur. Penisilinlerin \u00e7o\u011fu, b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda b\u00f6breklerden at\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Penisilinlerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca hastal\u0131klar<\/h2>\n

Anjin bakteriyel zat\u00fcrreler, akci\u011fer absesi, mesane ve b\u00f6brek iltihaplar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131, prostat iltihab\u0131, iltihapl\u0131 cilt yan\u0131klar\u0131, farenjit, g\u00f6zi\u00e7i iltihab\u0131, kemik iltihaplar\u0131, orta kulak iltihaplar\u0131, meme iltihab\u0131, beyin absesi, menenjit, kan zehirlenmeleri.<\/p>\n

Son y\u0131llarda Beta Loctamase enzim \u00fcreten bakterilerin penisilinlere kar\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu direnci k\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Halen bu problem Ampicillin ile bunun yar\u0131s\u0131 oran\u0131nda Sulbactam maddesi kombine edilerek ve Amoxicillin ile bunun d\u00f6rtte biri oran\u0131nda Clavulanic acit tozu olan potasyum Clavulanate kombine edilerek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Penisilin 1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda Londra\u2019da Sir Alexander Flemming taraf\u0131ndan Penicillum Notatum adl\u0131 k\u00fcfte ke\u015ffedilen bir antibiyotiktir. Bu madde, ilk olarak 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir \u0130skandinavyal\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olmakla beraber o y\u0131llarda iyile\u015ftirici…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8427,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[1602,502],"class_list":["post-3575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saglik","tag-alexander-flemming","tag-penisilin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3575"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3575"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3575\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10285,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3575\/revisions\/10285"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8427"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3575"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3575"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3575"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}