Posta, yurt i\u00e7i ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir yerden bir yere mektup, para ve paket gibi g\u00f6nderilen \u015feyleri yerine ula\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, genelde devlet denetimi alt\u0131nda bulunan kurum, ilk insandan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze\u00a0 insano\u011flu, birbirleriyle haberle\u015fme ihtiyac\u0131 duymu\u015ftur. Haberle\u015fme ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerde merkezler yap\u0131larak posta te\u015fkilat\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Bilinen en eski posta te\u015fkilat\u0131 M.\u00d6. 2000\u2019li y\u0131llardan itibaren ba\u015flar. G\u00f6nderilen \u015feyler ulaklar taraf\u0131ndan bir yerden bir yere g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Pers \u0130mparatoru \u0130kinci Kyros, M.\u00d6. 6. as\u0131rda hakimiyeti alt\u0131ndaki topraklarda atl\u0131 posta tatarlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu. Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu zaman\u0131nda en etkin posta te\u015fkilat\u0131 kuruldu ve Cursus Puplicus ad\u0131 verildi. Romal\u0131 ulaklar\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131na 19. asra kadar hi\u00e7bir Avrupa devletinde ula\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131.<\/p>\n
On dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131lda devletlerin h\u0131zla geli\u015fmesi posta te\u015fkilat\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fikliklere sebep oldu. \u0130ngiliz e\u011fitimci Rowland Hill\u2019in Posta Y\u00f6netiminde Reformun \u00d6nemi ve Uygulanabilirli\u011fi adl\u0131 eserinin 1837\u2019de yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 posta hizmetlerinde bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu. Hill, eserinde mektup ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir maliyet \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesini yaparak, maliyet y\u00fcksekli\u011finin sebeplerini ortaya koydu ve bunun nas\u0131l \u00f6nlenebilece\u011fine dair teklifler getirdi. Bu tekliflerden biri uzakl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n tek \u00fccret d\u00fczeyinin uygulanmas\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131ma \u00fccretinin pe\u015fin \u00f6dendi\u011fini g\u00f6stermek \u00fczere zarf\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne posta idaresi taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131lan pulun yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131. Hill\u2019in teklifleri \u0130ngiltere\u2019de k\u0131sa zamanda uygulamaya konuldu ve ilk posta pulu 1840\u2019ta sat\u0131\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Hill\u2019in teklifleri zamanla di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde de uyguland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ucuz haberle\u015fme bi\u00e7imi olan posta kart\u0131 ise 1869\u2019dan itibaren Avusturya\u2019da kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131 ve zamanla di\u011fer \u00fclkelere yay\u0131ld\u0131. Uluslararas\u0131 postay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmak ve birli\u011fi sa\u011flamak gayesiyle 1863\u2019te Paris\u2019te ilk Milletleraras\u0131 Posta Kongresi d\u00fczenlendi. Kongreye Avrupa \u00fclkeleri yan\u0131nda ABD de kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1874\u2019te \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019nin Bern \u015fehrinde ikinci defa toplanan kongreye 22 \u00fclke kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu kongrede milletleraras\u0131 bir posta birli\u011finin kurulmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. 1878\u2019de bu te\u015fkilat Evrensel Posta Birli\u011fi (UPU) ismini ald\u0131. Birli\u011fin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na paralel olarak 1878\u2019de para havalesi, 1885\u2019te paket postas\u0131 1920\u2019de posta \u00e7ekleri, 1947\u2019de \u00f6demeli paketler, 1957\u2019de ise banka havalesi konular\u0131nda milletleraras\u0131 anla\u015fmalar yap\u0131ld\u0131. Te\u015fkilat 1948\u2019den bu yana Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletlere ba\u011fl\u0131 bir uzmanl\u0131k\u00a0 kurulu\u015fu olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
H\u0131zla ilerleyen teknoloji sayesinde posta te\u015fkilat\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde u\u00e7ak, tren, araba ve gemilerden faydalanarak g\u00f6nderilen \u015feyleri zaman\u0131nda yerine ula\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Posta, yurt i\u00e7i ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir yerden bir yere mektup, para ve paket gibi g\u00f6nderilen \u015feyleri yerine ula\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, genelde devlet denetimi alt\u0131nda bulunan kurum, ilk insandan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze\u00a0 insano\u011flu, birbirleriyle…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[317,22],"tags":[550,1599],"class_list":["post-3598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-is-dunyasi","category-toplum","tag-posta","tag-posta-teskilati"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3598"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3598"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3598\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7294,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3598\/revisions\/7294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3598"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3598"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3598"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}