{"id":3619,"date":"2013-09-09T03:15:32","date_gmt":"2013-09-09T01:15:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3619"},"modified":"2018-02-28T02:15:24","modified_gmt":"2018-02-28T00:15:24","slug":"radari-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3619","title":{"rendered":"Radar\u0131 kim icat etti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Radar uzaktaki hedefleri mikrodalga yans\u0131tma metodu ile tespit eden cihaz. Radar cihaz\u0131 ile karanl\u0131k bulut veya sis i\u00e7inde olup g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen cisimlerin durumu ve yeri mikrodalgalarla t\u00e2yin edilir. \u0130lk ad\u0131 \u201cradiolocation\u201d dur. Radar, \u0130kinci D\u00fcny\u00e2 Harbi s\u0131ras\u0131nda geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve ismi \u201cRadio Detection and Ranging\u201d kelimelerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015f harflerinin biraraya getirilmesinden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir. Bu \u0130ngilizce kelimeler, radar cihaz\u0131n\u0131n mikrodalgalarla hedefin mes\u00e2fesi, istik\u00e2meti ve a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 buldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

Uzaktaki cisimleri t\u0131pk\u0131 bir projekt\u00f6r gibi, fakat radyo frekanslar\u0131nda ayd\u0131nlatarak tespit eden bir teleskopa benzetilebilir. Halbuki ilk def\u00e2 Galileo taraf\u0131ndan 1610\u2019da kullan\u0131lan teleskop<\/a>, uzaktaki cisimleri tespit i\u00e7in cisimlerin yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlara muhta\u00e7 ve ayr\u0131ca bunun frekans\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r. Cihaz\u0131n bir vericisi, bir de hedeften yans\u0131yarak d\u00f6n\u00fcp gelen mikrodalgay\u0131 alan al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc televizyon ekran\u0131n\u0131n benzeri katot \u0131\u015f\u0131nl\u0131 t\u00fcp \u00fczerinde \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 noktalar h\u00e2linde te\u015fekk\u00fcl eder.<\/p>\n

Radar\u0131n ke\u015ffinde, g\u00f6z\u00fc g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi h\u00e2lde karanl\u0131kta b\u00fcy\u00fck ustal\u0131klarla u\u00e7up, av\u0131n\u0131 yakalayan yarasan\u0131n \u00e7ok rol\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. Yarasa insan kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131n duyamayaca\u011f\u0131 ultrasonik ses frekans\u0131 yay\u0131nlayarak, yans\u0131yan sesten hedefini g\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n

Radar\u0131n ke\u015ffi \u0130kinci D\u00fcny\u00e2 Harbi ile ayn\u0131 zamana rastlar. Artan Hitler tehlikesine kar\u015f\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u201c\u00f6l\u00fcm \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131\u201d bulma h\u00fcly\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir sonucu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan radar, d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 uzaktan tespit edip ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnmese bile bunu tahripte ba\u015far\u0131yla kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en \u201c\u00f6l\u00fcm \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ise daha sonralar\u0131 laserin ke\u015ffiyle tekrar canlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Harbin getirdi\u011fi bir sil\u00e2h olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan radar, bar\u0131\u015f zam\u00e2n\u0131nda da bir\u00e7ok uygulama alanlar\u0131 bulmaktad\u0131r. Bunlara misal olarak gemilerin kesif sis i\u00e7inde y\u00f6nlendirilmesi, u\u00e7aklarda <\/a>hedef bulma, k\u00f6r u\u00e7u\u015f ve k\u00f6r ini\u015fin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi ve f\u0131rt\u0131nay\u0131 t\u00e2kip say\u0131labilir. Radarla ilgili ilk deney 1935 \u015eubat\u0131nda 49 m dalga boyunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir CW (continuous waves= s\u00fcrekli ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 dalga) radyo vericisiyle yap\u0131ld\u0131. Yakla\u015fan bir u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n 13 km\u2019den tespit edilmesiyle ilk ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

1935 Haziran\u0131nda da ilk darbeli verici yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve denendi. 24 km mes\u00e2fedeki bir u\u00e7aktan yans\u0131yan bir\u00a0tak\u0131m i\u015f\u00e2retler sezildi. Darbeli verici i\u015f\u00e2reti h\u00e2linde mes\u00e2fe, g\u00f6nderilen ve al\u0131nan darbe aras\u0131ndaki\u00a0zaman kaymas\u0131 ve dalgalar\u0131n yay\u0131lma h\u0131z\u0131ndan hesaplanabilir. 50 m dalga boyunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda,\u00a0di\u011fer radyo istasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 sebebiyle daha sonraki denemelerde, radar dalga boyu 25\u00a0m\u2019ye de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. Daha k\u0131sa dalga boyu kullanman\u0131n ba\u015fka bir faydas\u0131 da, ayn\u0131 fizik\u00ee b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki bir\u00a0antenin y\u00f6neltilme \u00f6zelliklerini geli\u015ftirmesiydi. 1935 Eyl\u00fcl\u00fcnde mes\u00e2fede 70 km\u2019ye, 1936 Mart\u0131nda ise\u00a0150 km\u2019ye ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Radar \u00fczerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara hem Avrupa hem de Amerika\u2019da ayn\u0131 y\u0131llarda devam edilmi\u015f, geli\u015ftirilen\u00a0\u00f6rnekler ordu hizmetlerinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk \u00f6nce geli\u015ftirilen CW-radar daha hassas olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen\u00a0mes\u00e2fe hakk\u0131nda bir bilgi vermemekte, s\u00e2dece hedefin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Darbeli radarda ise,\u00a0g\u00f6nderilen darbe bir anlamda i\u015f\u00e2retlenir ve hedeften yans\u0131y\u0131p tekrar al\u0131nana kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcreden\u00a0mes\u00e2fe kolayca hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

H\u00e2len kullan\u0131lan bir\u00e7ok radar ayn\u0131 temel esaslara g\u00f6re, fakat geli\u015fmi\u015f bir do\u011frulukla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Mesel\u00e2 radardaki sava\u015f sonras\u0131 ilerlemelerin en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc elektronik bilgisayarlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan\u00a0sonra, muazzam h\u00e2f\u0131za kapasiteleri ve hesaplama h\u0131zlar\u0131 sebebiyle i\u015f\u00e2ret analizi alan\u0131nda olan\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0B\u00f6ylece yans\u0131yan i\u015f\u00e2retler ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak incelenebilmekte, hedefe \u00e2it bir\u00e7ok bilgi, \u00e7e\u015fitli yollarla g\u00f6z\u00a0\u00f6n\u00fcne serilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Radar\u0131n en anlaml\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131ndan biri olan haritalama radar\u0131nda ise, mikrodalgalar kullan\u0131lmakta\u00a0ve sa\u011flanan bilgilerden foto\u011fraf ve benzeri \u015fekiller elde edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bir radar sistemi, kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde tasarlanabilir. Temelde bu, ya s\u00fcrekli\u00a0dalga radar\u0131 veya darbeli radar olacakt\u0131r. G\u00f6zlenecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck bir polis radar\u0131ndakine benzer olarak,\u00a0cismin h\u0131z\u0131 olabildi\u011fi gibi, cismin uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve y\u00fcksekli\u011fi, uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve h\u0131z\u0131, uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve y\u00f6n\u00fc olabilir.\u00a0Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu durumlardan herhangi biri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacak radar tipinin tek oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr.\u00a0Ayr\u0131ca, bir radar sistemi s\u00e2dece bir al\u0131c\u0131 ve bir vericiden ib\u00e2ret de\u011fildir. Radar sistemini; kullan\u0131lacak\u00a0frekans, atmosferin etkileri, hedeflerin ve bulunduklar\u0131 ortam\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri gibi fakt\u00f6rler belirler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Radar uzaktaki hedefleri mikrodalga yans\u0131tma metodu ile tespit eden cihaz. Radar cihaz\u0131 ile karanl\u0131k bulut veya sis i\u00e7inde olup g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen cisimlerin durumu ve yeri mikrodalgalarla t\u00e2yin edilir. \u0130lk ad\u0131 \u201cradiolocation\u201d…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10343,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345,1],"tags":[571],"class_list":["post-3619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-askeri","category-teknoloji","tag-radar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3619"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3619"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3619\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10344,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3619\/revisions\/10344"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3619"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3619"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3619"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}