{"id":3621,"date":"2012-02-18T23:35:03","date_gmt":"2012-02-18T21:35:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3621"},"modified":"2018-03-13T00:26:58","modified_gmt":"2018-03-12T22:26:58","slug":"radyoyu-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3621","title":{"rendered":"Radyoyu kim icat etti?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Radyo, bilgi g\u00f6ndermek ve almak amac\u0131yla ile elektromanyetik dalgalar \u015feklinde uzaya yay\u0131n yapan ve uzaydan yay\u0131n alan elektronik cihazd\u0131r. Radyo, telekom\u00fcnikasyonun en belli ba\u015fl\u0131 icatlar\u0131ndan biridir. Radyo; telefon<\/a>, telgraf<\/a>, televizyon<\/a>, radar <\/a><\/strong>ve faks<\/a> <\/strong>cihazlar\u0131 ile ilgili yard\u0131mc\u0131 bir yay\u0131n aleti olarak da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Radyo icat edildi\u011fi<\/strong> g\u00fcnden bu g\u00fcne kadar \u00f6nemini hi\u00e7 yitirmemi\u015f, her devirde kullan\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli bilgi, e\u011flence ve haber kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Radyo<\/strong> kelimesi, Latince \u0131\u015f\u0131n anlam\u0131ndaki radius kelimesinden gelir. Elektromanyetik dalgalarla ilgili bir\u00e7ok olay ve cihaz\u0131n ifade edilmesinde bir \u00f6rnek olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Radyoastronomi, radyoelektrik, radyofrekans, radyopusula, radyoteleskop, radyotelgraf ve radyokontrol gibi tabirler bunun misalleridir.<\/p>\n

Elektromanyetik dalgalar\u0131n uzayda \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131 ile yay\u0131labilece\u011fini teorik olarak ilk ortaya atan J.C. Maxwell\u2019<\/strong>dir. Bu konuda ilk deneyi Alman fizik\u00e7i Heinrich Hertz<\/strong><\/a>, 1886-1888 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yapt\u0131. Hertz, iki levhaya elektrik tatbik ederek 75 megahertzlik y\u00fcksek frekans elde etti. Bu levhalara yak\u0131n bir yerde bir metal halkan\u0131n iki ucunun birbirine yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 dar hava bo\u015flu\u011funda karanl\u0131kta k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m atlamalar\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc. B\u00f6ylece elektrik enerjisinin elektromanyetik dalgalarla uzaydan yay\u0131nlanabilece\u011fi ortaya konulmu\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Radyo yay\u0131n\u0131n uygulamaya ilk ge\u00e7i\u015fi 1896<\/strong> senesinde \u0130talyan fizik\u00e7isi Guglielmo Marconi<\/strong><\/a>\u2019nin, 1890 senesinde O. Lodge<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 mors cihaz\u0131 haline getirmesiyle olmu\u015ftur. \u0130lk yay\u0131n bir mil mesafeye, 1901 senesinde ise 200 mile ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Uygulama en \u00e7ok deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerden telgraf<\/strong> \u015feklinde bilgi aktarmas\u0131 \u015feklinde yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Marconi\u2019nin mors cihaz\u0131nda elektromanyetik dalgalar, bir t\u00fcp i\u00e7inde gev\u015fek duran demir tozlar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyerek t\u00fcp\u00fcn iki ucu aras\u0131ndaki direnci azalt\u0131yor ve bu \u015fekilde elektromanyetik enerji elektrik enerjisine \u00e7evriliyordu.<\/p>\n

1906 senesinde Amerikal\u0131 m\u00fchendis G.W. Pickard<\/strong> silikondan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kristalin de elektromanyetik dalgay\u0131 ge\u00e7irdi\u011fini buldu. Bu bulu\u015fa\u00a0 \u0130ngiliz fizik\u00e7isi Hughes<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan 1900 senesinde karbon levhaya ucundan hafif\u00e7e temas eden i\u011fnenin elektromanyetik dalga dedekt\u00f6r\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 sebep olmu\u015ftur. 1904 senesinde J. Fleming<\/strong> elektron t\u00fcp\u00fcn\u00fc, 1907 senesinde de De Forest<\/strong>\u2019in triod elektron t\u00fcp\u00fcn\u00fc detekt\u00f6r (say\u0131c\u0131) olarak kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini bulunca, radyo b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ad\u0131mla geli\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Elektromanyetik dalgan\u0131n antende olu\u015fturdu\u011fu elektron ak\u0131m\u0131 triod gridine gelince triod anod katodu aras\u0131nda direncin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. B\u00f6ylece elektromanyetik enerji elektrik enerjisine hassas bir \u015fekilde \u00e7evrilebildi. \u00c7e\u015fitli frekanslarda yay\u0131n yapan radyolar, piezoelektrik prensibiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kristallerin 1923 senesinde tatbikata konulmas\u0131 ile ba\u015fland\u0131. Kristallerle \u00e7ok hassas osilat\u00f6rler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve radyo frekans band\u0131 geni\u015flemi\u015ftir. 1930 senesinde 30 megahertz \u00fcst\u00fcnde yay\u0131n yap\u0131lamazken, bug\u00fcn radyo frekans band\u0131 30.000 megahertze\u00a0 kadar geni\u015flemi\u015ftir. Bu band i\u00e7ine radar, laser ve maser yay\u0131nlar\u0131 da girer.<\/p>\n

Radyo yay\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7in verici, anten, yay\u0131n ortam\u0131 gereklidir. Mikrofona gelen ses, verici mod\u00fcleli ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 y\u00fcksek frekansl\u0131 elektromanyetik dalga titre\u015fiminin ortama yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Atmosfer de dahil olmak \u00fczere elektromanyetik dalgalar uzayda yay\u0131labilirler. Elektromanyetik dalgalar\u0131, antenle al\u0131n\u0131p mod\u00fcle edilmi\u015f ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 frekans dalgas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlendikten sonra, hoparl\u00f6rden duyulur.<\/p>\n

Radyo frekans\u0131 osilat\u00f6rlerde \u00fcretilir. Radyo frekans\u0131 antenden uzaya g\u00f6nderilmeden evvel bilgi ta\u015f\u0131yan ses sinyali ile mod\u00fcle edilir. Mod\u00fclasyon ya genlik (Amplit\u00fcd) mod\u00fclasyonu (AM) veya frekans mod\u00fclasyonu (FM) \u015feklinde olur. Amplit\u00fcd mod\u00fclasyonu veya FM yay\u0131n\u0131 alan al\u0131c\u0131 radyo, tekrar osilat\u00f6r frekans\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak radyo frekans\u0131ndan bilgi ta\u015f\u0131yan ses sinyalini s\u00fcz\u00fcp \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r ve y\u00fckselterek hoparl\u00f6re verir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Radyo, bilgi g\u00f6ndermek ve almak amac\u0131yla ile elektromanyetik dalgalar \u015feklinde uzaya yay\u0131n yapan ve uzaydan yay\u0131n alan elektronik cihazd\u0131r. Radyo, telekom\u00fcnikasyonun en belli ba\u015fl\u0131 icatlar\u0131ndan biridir. Radyo; telefon, telgraf, televizyon,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11115,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1351,1350,1579,1578,1576,1577],"class_list":["post-3621","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teknoloji","tag-guglielmo-marconi","tag-marconi","tag-radyo","tag-radyonun-icadi","tag-radyoyu-kim-buldu","tag-radyoyu-kim-icat-etti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3621"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3621"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3621\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11403,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3621\/revisions\/11403"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11115"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3621"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3621"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3621"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}