R\u00f6ntgen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131ndan istifade ederek v\u00fccudun i\u00e7\u00a0organlar\u0131ndaki hastal\u0131klar\u0131n te\u015fhisi ve r\u00f6ntgen, gamma gibi di\u011fer iyonize radyasyon metodlar\u0131 ile bu\u00a0hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ted\u00e2visi ile de u\u011fra\u015fan t\u0131p ilminin bir dal\u0131. Radyoloji iki ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Birincisi\u00a0te\u015fhis radyolojisi, ikincisi ted\u00e2vi radyolojisi, y\u00e2ni radyoterapidir.<\/p>\n
R\u00f6ntgen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131, 1895 y\u0131l\u0131nda Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen taraf\u0131ndan bulunmu\u015ftur (Bkz. R\u00f6ntgen
\nI\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131). R\u00f6ntgen veya X \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131ndan 20 y\u0131l sonra uygulamada \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik metodlar
\nbulunmu\u015ftur. Mesel\u00e2; 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda kimografi tekni\u011fi (i\u00e7 organlar\u0131n hareketinin incelenmesi), 1930
\ny\u0131l\u0131nda pyelografi veya urografi tekni\u011fi (idrar yollar\u0131n\u0131n filminin \u00e7ekilmesi), 1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda radyoizotoplar,
\n1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise betatron ve radyoaktif kobalt bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Tatbikatta r\u00f6ntgen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 yumu\u015fak ve sert olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Yumu\u015fak x \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n frekans\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck,
\ndalga boyu uzundur. Sert x \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ise dalga boyu k\u0131sa, frekans\u0131 y\u00fcksektir. Sertli\u011finin fazla olmas\u0131 x
\n\u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zelli\u011fi olup, cisimlerin i\u00e7ine girebilme \u00f6zelli\u011fiyle do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7inden
\nge\u00e7tikleri cismin atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131, x \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n bu \u00f6zelli\u011fini azalt\u0131r. x \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 fazla
\nolmayan kal\u0131n maddelerin i\u00e7inden \u00e7ok kolay ge\u00e7ebilirler.<\/p>\n
V\u00fccutta en fazla kemikteki kalsiyum, en az da hava, x \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 absorbe eder (emer). Kan, kas ve ya\u011f
\ndokusu bu ikisinin aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. \u0130htiv\u00e2 ettikleri kalsiyum miktar\u0131 fazla olan kemikler, filmde en ince
\nayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na kadar net olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Mesel\u00e2 kemiklerdeki \u00e7atlaklar kolayl\u0131kla r\u00f6ntgen filminde tespit
\nedilirler. Akci\u011ferlerdeki herhangi bir anormal h\u00e2dise, lezyon (mesel\u00e2 bir apse), i\u00e7indeki hava sebebiyle
\nsiyah-beyaz g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc \u015feklinde kolayl\u0131kla tespit edilirler. Barsak t\u0131kanmalar\u0131nda da gaz-m\u00e2yi seviyesi,
\nsiyah-beyaz g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc vererek, barsa\u011f\u0131n \u015fi\u015f ve t\u0131kan\u0131k halkalar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/p>\n
R\u00f6ntgen filmlerinin \u00e7ekimi i\u00e7in, \u00f6zel olarak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f odalar i\u00e7ine monte edilmi\u015f r\u00f6ntgen \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 veren
\ncihazlar gerekmektedir. Hastan\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 masa, \u00e7ekilecek filmin \u00e7e\u015fidine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik arz
\nedebilir. R\u00f6ntgen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n tespiti normal foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekimi \u015feklindedir. Asetat sel\u00fcloz \u00fczerine yay\u0131lan
\ng\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f bile\u015fi\u011fi eriyi\u011fi, r\u00f6ntgen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131na duyarl\u0131d\u0131r. Film banyodan sonra incelemeye haz\u0131r vaziyete
\ngelir. R\u00f6ntgen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 v\u00fcc\u00fbdun kal\u0131n kemikli k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda yans\u0131ma yaparak filmde istenmeyen g\u00f6lgeler
\nmeydana getirir. Bu g\u00f6lgelenmeleri \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in yans\u0131yan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 yutan kur\u015fun \u015feritlerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f
\nelek levhalar kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu elekler, r\u00f6ntgen t\u00fcp\u00fc ile v\u00fccut aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. V\u00fccudun ba\u015f ve kal\u00e7a gibi
\nk\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc elde etmek i\u00e7in, r\u00f6ntgen t\u00fcp\u00fcne iki konumdan tespit yapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu
\ni\u015flerin yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in r\u00f6ntgen cihaz\u0131n\u0131n tereoskopik film \u00e7ekme d\u00fczenine s\u00e2hip olmas\u0131 l\u00e2z\u0131md\u0131r.
\nR\u00f6ntgen \u015fu\u00e2lar\u0131, yo\u011funlu\u011fu farkl\u0131 dokulara g\u00f6re filmde iz b\u0131rak\u0131r. Az iz b\u0131rakan organlara d\u0131\u015fardan \u00f6zel
\nmaddeler verilerek sun\u2019\u00ee olarak yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Mesel\u00e2, m\u00eedeyi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr h\u00e2le getirebilmek i\u00e7in baryum
\ns\u00fclfat eriyi\u011fi; kal\u0131n barsak filmi i\u00e7in baryum s\u00fclfat\u0131n re\u00e7ine ile kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f eriyi\u011fi; dola\u015f\u0131m sistemiyle k\u0131lcal
\nb\u00f6lgelerin filmi i\u00e7in iyotlu organik bile\u015fikler; omurilik ve bron\u015flar\u0131n filmi i\u00e7in de iyotlu bitkisel ya\u011f veya
\netiliyodofenil undesilat eriyi\u011fi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu gibi maddelere radyoopak madde ismi verilir. Bu maddelerle
\nyap\u0131lan r\u00f6ntgen tespit metodlar\u0131, tatbik edildi\u011fi sahaya g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fik isimler al\u0131r. Mesel\u00e2; miyelografi
\n(omurilik filmi \u00e7ekme tekni\u011fi), angiorafi (damar filmi), kolesistografi (safrakesesi filmi), urografi veya
\npiyelografi (b\u00f6brek ve idrar yollar\u0131 filmi) gibi. Piyelografi ve anjiyografi, yerlerini hareketli sinema
\nfilmlerine benzer r\u00f6ntgen filmlerine terk etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
R\u00f6ntgen filmleri, bir\u00e7ok hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n te\u015fhisinde olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Hatt\u00e2 b\u00e2z\u0131 hallerde s\u00e2dece
\nr\u00f6ntgen filmleriyle kesin te\u015fhis konabilmektedir. K\u0131r\u0131klar, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131klar, akci\u011fer apsesi, m\u00eede delinmesi,
\nbarsak t\u0131kanmas\u0131 bunlardan s\u00e2dece birka\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r. R\u00f6ntgen film ve tekniklerinin te\u015fhis ve ted\u00e2videki
\n\u00f6neminden dolay\u0131 radyoloji bir ihtisas dal\u0131 h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir. Bu dalda ihtisas yapm\u0131\u015f olan hekimlere,
\nradyolog denmektedir.<\/p>\n
R\u00f6ntgen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0131ptaki bir uygulamas\u0131 da radyoskopidir. Halk aras\u0131nda \u201cayna\u201d olarak da bilinen bu
\nteknikte; r\u00f6ntgen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 ne\u015freden bir kaynakla floresan bir ekran aras\u0131nda bulunan bir ki\u015finin herhangi
\nbir organ\u0131n\u0131n mevcut ekranda (fluoroskopi veya radyoskopiyle) do\u011frudan do\u011fruya tetkiki s\u00f6z
\nkonusudur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
R\u00f6ntgen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131ndan istifade ederek v\u00fccudun i\u00e7\u00a0organlar\u0131ndaki hastal\u0131klar\u0131n te\u015fhisi ve r\u00f6ntgen, gamma gibi di\u011fer iyonize radyasyon metodlar\u0131 ile bu\u00a0hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ted\u00e2visi ile de u\u011fra\u015fan t\u0131p ilminin bir dal\u0131. Radyoloji iki ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmde…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[2256],"class_list":["post-3625","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-saglik","tag-radyoloji"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3625"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3625"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3625\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7529,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3625\/revisions\/7529"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3625"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3625"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3625"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}