Say\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6stermek, ifade etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan sembol ve harflere rakam denilmektedir. Tarih\u00e7iler basit cisimlerin veya cisim gruplar\u0131n\u0131n miktarlar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek, eklemek, \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ilk sembollerin parmak, \u00e7ubuk, \u00e7ak\u0131l gibi \u015feyler oldu\u011funu tahmin etmektedir. Be\u015f bin seneden fazla bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce S\u00fcmerliler ve Kaldeliler 60 taban\u0131na g\u00f6re kullan\u0131lan say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmek i\u00e7in \u201c\u00e7ivi \u015fekilli\u201d rakamlar geli\u015ftirdiler.<\/p>\n
Bunlar ayn\u0131 zamanda rakamlar\u0131 ta\u015f tabletlere yazarak rakamlar\u0131 geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kullanan ilk toplum oldular. Bin y\u0131l kadar sonra M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar hiyeroglif, yani \u015fekiller halinde olan rakamlar kulland\u0131lar. Bir zincir 100, bir \u00e7i\u00e7ek demeti 1000 ve bir parmak 10.000 say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyordu. M\u0131s\u0131r medeniyetinin ilerlemesiyle bunlar, yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 daha kolay, k\u0131ymet olarak daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan, toplama, \u00e7\u0131karma ve belirli b\u00f6lme i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in daha m\u00fcnasip hale geldi.<\/p>\n
Yunanl\u0131lar ve \u0130braniler alfabelerinin harflerini rakam olarak kulland\u0131lar. Bunlar b\u00fcy\u00fck say\u0131lar\u0131n ifadesine m\u00fchim kolayl\u0131k getirdiler. \u0130ki say\u0131s\u0131na e\u015fit olan \u201cbeta\u201d harfinin sol alt\u0131na yaz\u0131lan bir \u00e7izgi ikibin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyordu. Roma rakamlar\u0131 da yine parmak hesab\u0131ndan ilham al\u0131narak geli\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Bu rakamlar en uzun s\u00fcre kullan\u0131lan sistemlerden oldu.<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara ra\u011fmen Arap rakamlar\u0131na kadar hi\u00e7bir rakam sistemi, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc medeniyetin meydana gelmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak nitelikte de\u011fildi. On rakamdan te\u015fekk\u00fcl eden bu sistemde en \u00f6nemlisi s\u0131f\u0131r rakam\u0131 mevcuttu. \u00dcstelik bu on rakam\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fekillerde yanyana getirilmeleriyle her say\u0131 elde edilebiliyordu. Mesela; s\u0131f\u0131rs\u0131z olan di\u011fer sistemlerle 602 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n elde edilmesi \u00e7ok zordu. Arap
\nrakamlar\u0131, \u00fcstl\u00fc ve k\u00f6kl\u00fc say\u0131lar\u0131n ifadesinde de \u00f6nc\u00fc oldu.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan modern sistem b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Arap sistemine dayan\u0131r. \u201cArap Rakamlar\u0131\u201d, devrindeki \u015fekliyle Avrupa\u2019ya 12. as\u0131rda ge\u00e7er. Bu rakamlar ilk \u00f6nceleri \u0130spanya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015famad\u0131. Ancak y\u00fcz y\u0131l kadar sonra yava\u015f yava\u015f \u00e7evre \u00fclkelere yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6nceleri Roma rakamlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmakta israr eden Avrupal\u0131lar, daha sonra b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak Arap rakamlar\u0131n\u0131 kabul ettiler. Bunlar, Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n elindeki Hint rakamlar\u0131n\u0131n da tesiriyle 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda iyice geli\u015fti. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra da bug\u00fcnk\u00fc geometrik \u015fekli ald\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Say\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6stermek, ifade etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan sembol ve harflere rakam denilmektedir. Tarih\u00e7iler basit cisimlerin veya cisim gruplar\u0131n\u0131n miktarlar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek, eklemek, \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ilk sembollerin parmak, \u00e7ubuk, \u00e7ak\u0131l gibi \u015feyler…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10133,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[1636,1637,1638,1210],"class_list":["post-3628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-egitim","tag-rakam","tag-rakamlar","tag-sayi","tag-sayilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3628"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3628"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3628\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10134,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3628\/revisions\/10134"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10133"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3628"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3628"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3628"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}