{"id":3630,"date":"2012-02-29T03:24:54","date_gmt":"2012-02-29T01:24:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3630"},"modified":"2018-10-08T12:00:01","modified_gmt":"2018-10-08T10:00:01","slug":"rasathaneyi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3630","title":{"rendered":"\u0130lk Rasathaneyi kim kurdu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Uzayda bulunan cisimleri incelemeye uygun teleskop <\/a>ve di\u011fer yard\u0131mc\u0131 aletlerle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kubbesi a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6zel binalara rasathane veya g\u00f6zlemevi denilmektedir. Binan\u0131n \u00fczerindeki kubbe d\u00f6ner d\u00fczenekli olup, ekseni etraf\u0131nda 360\u00b0 d\u00f6ner. Kubbenin \u00fcst orta k\u0131sm\u0131nda boydan boya yar\u0131k \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k vard\u0131r. Bu yar\u0131k bir perde ile kapal\u0131 olup, gerekti\u011fi kadar a\u00e7\u0131labilir \u00f6zelliktedir. Teleskop<\/strong> bu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131ktan g\u00f6k y\u00fcz\u00fcne do\u011fru y\u00f6neltilir. Modern rasathanelerin hemen yan taraf\u0131nda, idari bina, k\u00fct\u00fcphane, bilgisayar odas\u0131 gibi yard\u0131mc\u0131 binalar bulunur.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk Rasathane veya G\u00f6zlemevi<\/h3>\n

Rasathanelerin tarihi Babil<\/strong>, Eski Yunan<\/strong> ve M\u0131s\u0131r<\/strong> medeniyetlerine kadar uzan\u0131r. Bu devirlerde rasathanelere \u00f6nem verilmesi dini\u00a0 t\u00f6renlerin ve ibadetlerin zamana ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan ileri gelmektedir. Tarihte kurum olarak istenilen \u015fekliyle ilk rasathane, 829 senesinde Halife El-Memun<\/strong> Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta kurdurdu\u011fu astronomi rasathanesidir. 877 senesinde ise El-Battani<\/strong> kurdu\u011fu rasathanede astronomi tablolar\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131 ve ekinoks a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 hassas bir \u015fekilde yeniden hesap etti. Ba\u011fdat\u2019taki rasathanenin ismi \u015eemmasiye, \u015eam\u2019dakinin ismi Kasiy\u00fbn idi.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131da ise astronominin ve rasatanelerin geli\u015fimi dini sebeplerle gecikti. Kopernik<\/strong><\/a>\u2019in (1475-1543) \u00fcnl\u00fc De Revolutionibus adl\u0131 eseri, d\u00een\u00ee bir su\u00e7 i\u015fledi\u011fi i\u00e7in 1882 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar yasak kitaplar aras\u0131nda \u00eelan edildi. 8. y\u00fczy\u0131l ile 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l aras\u0131ndaki do\u011fudaki rasathaneler akademik nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yor, ekserisinde asr\u0131n\u0131 a\u015facak tarzda \u00f6\u011fretim ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma faaliyetleri yap\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc astrloji bilginleri Roger Bacon<\/strong>, Galileo<\/strong><\/a>, Giordano Bruna<\/strong> ve Kopernik<\/strong>, do\u011fu d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n astrnomi bilgilerinden faydalanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Kopernik \u00fcnl\u00fc eserinde, Batr\u00fbc\u00ee, \u0130bn-i \u015eat\u0131r ve Nasir\u00fcdd\u00een T\u00fbs\u00ee\u2019nin eserlerinden ilham ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n

Avrupa\u2019da rasathaneler 1400 senelerinde kurulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. 1418 senesinde yaln\u0131z denizcilik maksad\u0131 ile g\u00fcne\u015fin do\u011fu\u015f bat\u0131\u015f ve y\u00fccelim noktalar\u0131n\u0131 tespit i\u00e7in Portekiz\u2019in Vincent \u015fehrinde rasathane kuruldu. 1471 senesinde N\u00fcrnberg Rasathanesi, 1501 senesinde de d\u00f6ner kubbeli Kassel Rasathanesi kuruldu. 1609 senesinde teleskopun bulunmas\u0131 ile rasathanelerde b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmeler oldu. 1672 senesinde Paris, 1675 senesinde Greenwich, 1700 senesinde Berlin rasathaneleri kuruldu. Zaman\u0131m\u0131zda d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde 150\u2019yi a\u015fk\u0131n rasathane faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir. Ayr\u0131ca uzaya g\u00f6nderilen uydular da bir nevi rasathane vazifesi g\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n

Rasathanelerde iki tip teleskop kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bunlar mercek ve ayna sistemiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan refrakt\u00f6rlerle, modern parabolik radyo teleskoplar\u0131d\u0131r. Radyo teleskoplar\u0131, parabolik antenden al\u0131nan mikro \u0131\u015f\u0131k dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 100 ile 1000 kat kuvvetlendirerek foto\u011fraf \u015feklinde tespitler yapar. Radyo teleskoplarla, radyo astronomisi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABD Ohio eyaletinin Columbus \u015fehrinde bulunan radyo teleskop, ekseni etraf\u0131nda her y\u00f6ne d\u00f6nebilmektedir. Bu teleskopun \u00e7ap\u0131 600 metredir. Washington\u2019da bulunan radyo teleskop 600 metre geni\u015fli\u011finde, 128 dipolden meydana gelmi\u015f, d\u00fcz antene sahiptir. D\u00fcnya atmosferinin, rasathanelerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na menfi etkisi oldu\u011fu bilindi\u011fi i\u00e7in incelemeleri atmosferin \u00fcst tabakalar\u0131ndan yapmak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7areler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve bu arada balonlardan \u00e7ok istifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk balonlu rasathane 1958 senesinde yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve teleskop, spektrograf ve otomatik y\u0131ld\u0131z takip edici aletlerle donat\u0131larak\u00a0 yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden 26 kilometre y\u00fckse\u011fe g\u00f6nderildi. Uzaya g\u00f6nderilen \u00e7e\u015fitli uzay ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ile d\u00fcnya y\u00f6r\u00fcngesine oturtulan uzay rasathaneleri atmosferin etkisi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n mikrodalgalar, foto\u011fraflar \u00e7ekerek devaml\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya bilgi g\u00f6ndermektedirler.<\/p>\n

Nitekim 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda uzaya g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f olan Hubble uzay teleskobuyla atmosferdeki menfi \u015fartlardan ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olduk\u00e7a net ve \u00f6nemli resimler elde edilmi\u015ftir. Hatta, bu geli\u015fmenin, astronomi biliminin yeniden kurulmas\u0131na bile yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Uzayda bulunan cisimleri incelemeye uygun teleskop ve di\u011fer yard\u0131mc\u0131 aletlerle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kubbesi a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6zel binalara rasathane veya g\u00f6zlemevi denilmektedir. Binan\u0131n \u00fczerindeki kubbe d\u00f6ner d\u00fczenekli olup, ekseni etraf\u0131nda 360\u00b0 d\u00f6ner. Kubbenin…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[1694,1693],"class_list":["post-3630","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","tag-gozlemevi","tag-rasathane"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3630"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3630"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3630\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12372,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3630\/revisions\/12372"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3630"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3630"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3630"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}