{"id":3641,"date":"2012-03-13T01:00:29","date_gmt":"2012-03-12T23:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3641"},"modified":"2016-12-27T01:58:14","modified_gmt":"2016-12-26T23:58:14","slug":"rh-faktorunu-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3641","title":{"rendered":"RH Fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>RH Fakt\u00f6r\u00fc 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda Karl <em>Landsteiner<\/em> ve Wiener taraf\u0131ndan bulunan ve alyuvarlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde yer alan bir antijendir. Rhesus maymununun kan\u0131 kullan\u0131larak tav\u015fan ve hint domuzunun kan serumlar\u0131nda antikorlar meydana getirilmi\u015ftir. Bu antiserum insan kanlar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda % 80 insan\u0131n kan\u0131ndaki alyuvarlar\u0131 k\u00fcmele\u015ftirdi\u011fi g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir. K\u00fcmele\u015fen alyuvarlar\u0131n s\u00e2hiplerinin Rh pozitif, y\u00e2ni bu antijeni bulunduran \u015fah\u0131slar oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir. K\u00fcmele\u015fmeyen kanlarda ise, Rh antijeninin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u00e2ni bunlar\u0131n Rh negatif oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Karl Landsteiner<\/strong> 1868 &#8211; 1943 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, Avusturya k\u00f6kenli ABD &#8216;li imm\u00fcnolog ve patologdur. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca kan gruplar\u0131n\u0131 bulmas\u0131 ve kan naklinin t\u0131pta basit bir i\u015flem haline gelmesini sa\u011flayan ABO kan gruplar\u0131 sistemini geli\u015ftirmesiyle 1930 Nobel Fizyoloji veya T\u0131p \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc&#8217;n\u00fc alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1898-1908 aras\u0131nda Viyana Patoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc&#8217;nde ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken insanlarda kan\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 bularak, uygun olmayan kan nakillerinin tehlikelerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. 1901&#8217;de, alyuvarlarda h\u00fccre zar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f katman\u0131na ba\u011flanan antijenlerin t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re insanda en az \u00fc\u00e7 kan grubu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi; bu gruplar\u0131 A, B ve O olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131. Bir y\u0131l sonra, A ve B antijenlerinin ikisini birden ta\u015f\u0131yan ve AB antikorlar\u0131 i\u00e7ermeyen AB grubu bulundu. Landsteiner, 1927&#8217;de M ve N gruplar\u0131n\u0131, 1940&#8217;ta ilk kez bulundu\u011fu maymun t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan Rhesus (Rh) fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc saptad\u0131. Rh fakt\u00f6r\u00fc, anne ve d\u00f6l\u00fct\u00fcn kan\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilen ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, \u00f6l\u00fc do\u011fum ye da yeni do\u011fanda \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir hastal\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7an bir dizi tepkimenin temelini olu\u015fturuyordu.<\/p>\n<p>Landsteiner&#8217;in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 adli t\u0131bb\u0131n geli\u015fmesine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131larda bulundu; babal\u0131k ve cinayet davalar\u0131nda kan gruplar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir birer kan\u0131t olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.Kan gruplar\u0131n\u0131n belirli genler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131, kal\u0131t\u0131m ve antropoloji ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in de etkili bir y\u00f6ntem sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Landsteiner 1909-1919 aras\u0131nda Viyana \u00dcniversitesi&#8217;nde, 1922-1943 aras\u0131nda New York kentindeki Rockefeller T\u0131p Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc&#8217;nde patoloji dersleri verdi. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca yap\u0131t\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k kimyas\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131na katk\u0131 niteli\u011findeki <em>The Specificity of Serological Reactions<\/em> &#8216;d\u0131r<\/p>\n<p>Rh fakt\u00f6r\u00fc, kan nakillerinde ve yeni do\u011fan bebeklerde kan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kan hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6nemlidir. Kan nakillerinde, kan verenle al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kanlar\u0131n\u0131n uyu\u015fmamas\u0131 \u00e7ok tehlikeli neticelere yol a\u00e7ar. Kan\u0131 Rh negatif olan ki\u015fide, Rh fakt\u00f6r\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 antikorlar yoktur. Yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla bu ki\u015fiye Rh pozitif kan verilirse buna kar\u015f\u0131 antikorlar meydana gelir. \u0130kinci bir def\u00e2 bu ki\u015fi Rh\u00a0 pozitif kan ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rsa nakledilen kan\u0131n alyuvarlar\u0131 bu antikorlar taraf\u0131ndan harap edilir. Ki\u015fide a\u011f\u0131r bir tablo ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n<p>Anne ile \u00e7ocuk aras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Rh uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yledir: Anne Rh negatif, \u00e7ocuk Rh pozitif olursa ilk do\u011fumda genellikle bir problem ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaz. Ancak anneye daha evvelden Rh pozitif kan nakli yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa o zaman \u00e7ocukta hastal\u0131k ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Esas\u00a0 problem, ikinci \u00e7ocu\u011fun da Rh pozitif olmas\u0131 durumunda olur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ilk do\u011fum s\u0131ras\u0131nda anne kan\u0131 bebe\u011fin kan\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve Rh fakt\u00f6r\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 antikorlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu antikorlar plasentadan (\u00e7ocu\u011fun rahimdeki \u201ce\u015f\u201dinden) ge\u00e7me \u00f6zelli\u011findedir. \u00c7ocu\u011fa ge\u00e7en bu antikorlar \u00e7ocu\u011fun alyuvarlar\u0131n\u0131 harap etmeye ba\u015flarlar. \u00c7ocukta iyile\u015fmeyen sar\u0131l\u0131k, genel \u00f6dem durumlar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu tehlikeli sonu\u00e7lara engel olmak i\u00e7in, rahim i\u00e7inde iken \u00e7ocu\u011fun kan\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi veya anne kan\u0131nda antikor has\u0131l olmas\u0131na engel olunmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n derecesine g\u00f6re ve antikorlar\u0131n etki \u015fiddetine g\u00f6re \u00e7ocuk ya do\u011fduktan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra \u00f6l\u00fcr veya \u00e7e\u015fitli derecelerde sar\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak do\u011far. B\u00f6yle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n sakat kalmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in hemen \u00e7ocu\u011fun kan\u0131 tam\u00e2m\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015ftirilir, \u0131\u015f\u0131k\u00a0 ted\u00e2visi ve il\u00e2\u00e7 ted\u00e2visine ge\u00e7ilir. Anne Rh (\u2013), babaRh (+) ise, kan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehlikesine m\u00e2ruz olan do\u011facak \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in ilk do\u011fumdan sonra 48 saat i\u00e7erisinde anneye antikor meydana gelmesini \u00f6nleyici Rhogam adl\u0131 il\u00e2\u00e7 uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>RH Fakt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>RH Fakt\u00f6r\u00fc 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda Karl Landsteiner ve Wiener taraf\u0131ndan bulunan ve alyuvarlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde yer alan bir antijendir. Rhesus maymununun kan\u0131 kullan\u0131larak tav\u015fan ve hint domuzunun kan serumlar\u0131nda antikorlar meydana getirilmi\u015ftir&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[1720,1718,1717,1714,1716,1715,1719],"class_list":["post-3641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-saglik","tag-karl-landsteiner","tag-landsteiner","tag-rh","tag-rh-faktoru","tag-rh-negatif","tag-rh-pozitif","tag-wiener"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3641"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3641"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3641\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7544,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3641\/revisions\/7544"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3641"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3641"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3641"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}