{"id":3649,"date":"2012-02-20T23:02:02","date_gmt":"2012-02-20T21:02:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3649"},"modified":"2018-02-26T02:44:18","modified_gmt":"2018-02-26T00:44:18","slug":"roketi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=3649","title":{"rendered":"Roketi kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Roketi kim icat etti<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Roket, roket motoruyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan u\u00e7an ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Roket motoruna da k\u0131saca roket denir. Roketlerin f\u00fczelerden fark\u0131, roketlerin sadece roket motorlar\u0131yla, f\u00fczelerin ise hem roket motorlar\u0131 hem de herhangi bir jet motoru, ramjet, pulsjet veya turbojet ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesidir. Roket motorlar\u0131 hem yak\u0131t\u0131 hem de yak\u0131t\u0131n yanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan oksitleyici maddeyi b\u00fcnyesinde bulundurur. D\u0131\u015f atmosfer havas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duymaz. Bu sebeple d\u0131\u015f \u00e7evreye ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bo\u015flukta dahi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir. Esas olarak kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131 yak\u0131tl\u0131 olmak \u00fczere iki \u00e7e\u015fide ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Barutla, roketin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 hemen hemen ayn\u0131 tarihlere rastlar. M.S. 1200\u2019lerde \u00c7inlilerin ka\u011f\u0131tlara sard\u0131klar\u0131 kara barutu<\/a> roket gibi kulland\u0131klar\u0131 iddia edilmektedir. Kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7mi\u015f ilk roketin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer, 1232 tarihli Kayfeng Ku\u015fatmas\u0131d\u0131r. Avrupa\u2019da ilk rokete 1258\u2019de K\u00f6ln\u2019de rastlanmaktad\u0131r. 1258\u2019den \u00eetibaren 20 sene i\u00e7inde Avrupa\u2019da Roger Bacon, Albertus Magrus gibi isimler roketle ilgilenirken bir\u00e7ok Arap\u00e7a kitaplarda roketler hakk\u0131nda geni\u015f bilgiler mevcuttur. Bu tarihlerde roketler, kara sava\u015flar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok, yelkenleri yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in deniz sava\u015flar\u0131nda kendini g\u00f6sterdi. Hindistan-Seringapatan\u2019da 1792-1798 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda cereyan eden sava\u015flarda Haydar Ali ve ordusuna ait roketler sebebiyle \u00e7ok kay\u0131ba u\u011frayan \u0130ngilizler, silah olarak kullan\u0131labilecek roket yapmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Birka\u00e7 sene sonra roketlerin menzili 200 m\u2019den 3000 m\u2019ye ula\u015ft\u0131. Congreve\u2019nin roketleri ilk defa 1805\u2019te Boulogne\u2019de deniz taarruzunda kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde bir\u00e7ok Avrupa devleti roket birlikleri kurdu.<\/p>\n

1846\u2019da William Hale, u\u00e7u\u015f esnas\u0131nda roketlerin egzoz k\u0131sm\u0131na \u00fc\u00e7 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck meyilli metal takt\u0131. Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kanalc\u0131klar vas\u0131tas\u0131yle roket d\u00f6nerek gidiyor ve daha isabetli oluyordu. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda Frans\u0131zlar, Almanlar\u0131n top\u00e7u ileri g\u00f6zetleyicisi olarak kulland\u0131klar\u0131 balonlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in kat\u0131 yak\u0131tl\u0131 roketleri kullan\u0131rken, Almanlar da bunlar\u0131n daha geni\u015f ve ipli olanlar\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131lar. Fakat bu arada \u00f6zellikle tahrip maksatl\u0131 roketler \u00fczerine yo\u011fun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Daha sonra Fredrich Krupp\u2019un firmas\u0131 tahrip maksatl\u0131 roketlerin seri imalat\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu roketlerde yak\u0131t % 50 nitrogliserin, % 41 nitro sel\u00fcloz, % 9 karbonitten meydana geliyordu. \u0130ngiltere, Almanya ve Amerika\u2019da da yak\u0131t tipleri \u00fczerine geni\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Amerika\u2019n\u0131n geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi AT-M1 roketi, en geli\u015fmi\u015f bir antitank roketiydi. \u0130lk defa 1943 senesinde Tunus\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131. \u201cBazuka\u201d ad\u0131 ile an\u0131lan bu roket 50 cm boyunda ve 5.9 cm \u00e7ap\u0131ndayd\u0131. Tesirli menzili 180 m olan bu rokete yeni ke\u015ffedilen \u201cMunroe Prensibi\u201d ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan patlay\u0131c\u0131 konulunca beton ve \u00e7elik z\u0131rhlar delinebilmi\u015ftir. Bu roketin daha kuvvetli ve daha geli\u015fmi\u015f tipi olan 8.75 cm\u2019lik roket ilk defa Kore\u2019de denendi. Daha sonra 11.25 cm\u2019lik M-8 roketleri seri halde imal edilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. 12.5 cm\u2019lik HUAR, 18 cm\u2019lik denizcilerin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahrip roketleri ve 16.25 cm\u2019lik u\u00e7ak <\/a>roketi RAM bu geli\u015fmeleri takip etti.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Harbi y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin 9.25 cm \u201cZ\u201d roketleri, Ruslar\u0131n Katusha adl\u0131 roketleri, Almanlar\u0131n \u201cNebelwerger 41\u201d ve \u201cRhenbote\u201d adl\u0131 roketleri kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Japonlar\u0131n ise bu s\u0131rada roketleri pek geli\u015fmi\u015f de\u011fildi. Sava\u015ftan sonraki 10 sene i\u00e7inde 1000 kg kat\u0131 yak\u0131tl\u0131 roketler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kat\u0131 yak\u0131tl\u0131 roket yard\u0131mc\u0131 kalk\u0131\u015f elemanlar\u0131 \u201cRAKE\u201dler \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan uzun ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonucunda b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmeler kaydedildi. Bundan sonra Almanya\u2019da s\u0131v\u0131 yak\u0131tl\u0131 RAKE\u2019ler \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

S\u0131v\u0131 yak\u0131tl\u0131 roketler, 1937\u2019den sonra yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Amerikal\u0131 fizik\u00e7i Robert Hutehings Goddard (1882-1955) ba\u015flatt\u0131. 1935 senesinde yap\u0131lan deneyler ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar Avrupa\u2019ya da s\u0131\u00e7rad\u0131. 1950\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131na kadar 15 de\u011fi\u015fik \u00fclkede 20 roket yap\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015fland\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar h\u0131zland\u0131 ve bak\u0131\u015flar uzaya y\u00f6neldi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Roketi kim icat etti Roket, roket motoruyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan u\u00e7an ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Roket motoruna da k\u0131saca roket denir. Roketlerin f\u00fczelerden fark\u0131, roketlerin sadece roket motorlar\u0131yla, f\u00fczelerin ise hem roket motorlar\u0131 hem de…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10175,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345],"tags":[1470],"class_list":["post-3649","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-askeri","tag-roket"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3649"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3649"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3649\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10176,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3649\/revisions\/10176"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3649"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3649"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3649"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}