Roman olmu\u015f veya olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn bir olayla birbirlerine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f\u00a0\u00e7e\u015fitli insanlar\u0131n, \u00e2ilelerin, cemiyetlerin ba\u015flar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en \u00e7e\u015fitli hadiseleri s\u0131ras\u0131yla\u00a0mant\u0131ksal, duygusal ve\u00a0sanatsal ili\u015fkiyle\u00a0anlatan\u00a0edebi eserdir. Kelime, \u201cger\u00e7ek veya hay\u00e2l\u00ee bir olay\u0131n mensur hikayesi\u201d m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131na gelen ramonus\u00a0kelimesinden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Edeb\u00ee bir t\u00fcr olarak roman\u0131n da \u015fiir gibi kesin ve herkes taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilen\u00a0bir t\u00e2rifi yoktur.<\/p>\n
Onuncu y\u00fczy\u0131ldan \u00eetib\u00e2ren b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcny\u00e2da \u00f6nce destan\u0131ms\u0131 hik\u00e2yeler, daha sonra \u015f\u00f6valye romanlar\u0131,
\nromantik romanlar ve ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i romanlar g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. On alt\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonundan \u00eetib\u00e2ren geli\u015fmi\u015f
\nromanlara rastlanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hikayeye k\u0131yasla daha uzun ve olaydan ziyade ki\u015fi merkezli bir yaz\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u00a0Japon<\/strong> edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fyap\u0131tlar\u0131ndan Genji’nin Hik\u00e2yesi <\/strong>d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk roman\u0131 kabul edilir.<\/p>\n Roman b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda d\u00fczyaz\u0131yla yaz\u0131l\u0131r ancak naz\u0131m da i\u00e7erebilir. Anlat\u0131lan olaylar kahramanl\u0131k \u00f6yk\u00fcleri de\u011fil, s\u0131radan insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Anlat\u0131lan olaylar, kendinden \u00f6nceki t\u00fcrler gibi yaln\u0131zca saraylar ve sava\u015f alanlar\u0131 gibi destans\u0131 mekanlarda de\u011fil, genellikle sokaklar, evler, meyhaneler gibi s\u0131radan mekanlarda ge\u00e7er. Kullan\u0131lan dil, naz\u0131m t\u00fcrlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi a\u011fdal\u0131 de\u011fil g\u00fcnl\u00fck ve s\u0131radand\u0131r.<\/p>\n Roman tarihe en ba\u011fl\u0131 edebiyat t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Toplumsal, politik olaylar geli\u015fmelerle de yak\u0131n ili\u015fkidedir.<\/p>\n Roman, felsefe ve sanattan bo\u015f inan\u00e7lar\u0131 kovmak ve bunlar\u0131n yerine ak\u0131l ve ger\u00e7e\u011fi ge\u00e7irmek isteyen bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu nedenle toplumlar\u0131n geli\u015fimine, yani tarihe kopmaz bi\u00e7imde ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsan\u0131, \u00f6ncelikle toplumsal ve tarihsel bir varl\u0131k olarak konu alan ilk sanat t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Roman\u0131n ilk \u00f6rneklerini Fran\u00e7ois Rabelais, Dante, Miguel de Cervantes<\/strong> vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Romanlar: konu, \u00fcslup, yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrlere ayr\u0131labilir. \u00dcslup bak\u0131m\u0131ndan “romantik roman”, “ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i roman”, “do\u011falc\u0131 roman”, “estetik roman”, “izlenimci roman”, “d\u0131\u015favurumcu roman”, “yeni roman” t\u00fcrleri say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n Ki\u015filerin duygular\u0131n\u0131, arzular\u0131n\u0131,hislerini, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yaln\u0131zca kendilerine ait, i\u00e7ten gelen do\u011fal ve ger\u00e7ek olgular gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.Yani a\u015fk, duygu, hayal gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler yer al\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda ac\u0131, keder ve h\u00fcz\u00fcn de bu roman t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn konular\u0131ndand\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Sir Walter Scott\u2019un tarihsel romanlar\u0131, Jean-Jacques Rousseau\u2019nun eserleri, Goethe\u2019nin Gen\u00e7 Werther\u2019in Ac\u0131lar\u0131<\/i>, Victor Hugo’nun Notre Dame’\u0131n Kamburu gibi.<\/p>\n Romantik romandan ayr\u0131 olarak kuru ve ku\u015fkucu bir anlat\u0131m ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. Balzac ve Stendhal\u2019in romanlar\u0131 bu \u00fcsluptad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Belli bi\u00e7im ve anlat\u0131m kayg\u0131lar\u0131 ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f romanlard\u0131r. Gustave Flaubert estetik roman\u0131n en \u00f6nemli yazar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Di\u011fer \u00fcsluplardan ayr\u0131 olarak e\u015fyan\u0131n ve d\u0131\u015f olaylar\u0131n kendi nesnel ger\u00e7eklikleriyle insanlar\u0131n bunlar\u0131 alg\u0131lama bi\u00e7imleri aras\u0131ndaki farklar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaya y\u00f6nelir. Yani d\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7eklerden \u00e7ok, duyu ve duygulara, i\u00e7 ya\u015fant\u0131n\u0131n betimlenmesine \u00f6ncelik verir.<\/p>\n 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u0131\u015favurumculuk toplumsal kimliklerin reddedilmesi ve insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen toplum kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 ya da uygarl\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131yla belirlenir. Dostoyevski, Franz Kafka, Samuel Beckett ve Bertold Brecht\u2019in romanlar\u0131 bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00f6rneklerindendir.<\/p>\n Asl\u0131nda d\u0131\u015fa vurumculu\u011fun izlerini ta\u015f\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle 1930 sonras\u0131nda ilk \u00f6rnekleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Kendisinden \u00f6nceki ak\u0131mlardan hi\u00e7birine benzemeyen, yazma deneyini, hatta roman\u0131n olanaks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 roman\u0131n as\u0131l konusu haline getiren romanlard\u0131r. Yeni roman, yazma eyleminin kendisini sorgulamaya y\u00f6nelir. Alain Robbe-Grillet, Michel Butor, Claude Simon, Philippe Soller, Julio Cortazar gibi yazarlar bunlar\u0131 denemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Konusu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan roman “tarihsel roman pikaresk roman duygusal roman, gotik roman, ruhbilimsel roman, t\u00f6re roman\u0131, olu\u015fum roman\u0131” t\u00fcrlerine ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Tarihsel romanlar, tarihin de\u011fi\u015fik d\u00f6nemindeki olaylar\u0131 i\u015fler. Kahramanlar ger\u00e7ek veya d\u00fc\u015fsel olabilir. Ancak anlat\u0131lanlar tarih ger\u00e7eklerine \u00e7o\u011fu kez uygundur. Bu roman t\u00fcr\u00fc asl\u0131nda, Romantizmin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. D\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131nda bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn ilk \u00f6rne\u011fini \u0130ngiliz yazar Walter Scott vermi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda ise tarihi roman\u0131n ilk denemesi Ahmet Mithat\u2019\u0131n Yeni\u00e7eriler adl\u0131 roman\u0131 say\u0131labilir. Bat\u0131l\u0131 anlamda ilk tarihsel T\u00fcrk\u00e7e roman, Nam\u0131k Kemal\u2019in Cezmi\u2019sidir.<\/p>\n \u0130nsan\u0131n duygusal ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcksek ve \u00f6zenli bir \u00fcslupla betimleyen romanlard\u0131r. Bazen bu t\u00fcrde yazar\u0131n kendi duygular\u0131yla, okurun duygular\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrmesi \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar. Laurence Sterne\u2019in Fransa ve \u0130talya\u2019da Hissi Seyahat adl\u0131 eseri, Rousseau\u2019nun romanlar\u0131, Madame de La Fayette\u2019in Prenses de Cleves adl\u0131 roman\u0131 bu t\u00fcre \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n Ki\u015filerin ruhsal durumlar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan romanlard\u0131r. Daha serinkanl\u0131 ve denetimli olu\u015fuyla duygusal romandan ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Abbe Prevost\u2019un Manon Lescaut adl\u0131 eseriyle Frans\u0131z edebiyat\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan psikolojik roman \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 di\u011fer \u00fclke romanc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 da etkilemi\u015ftir. Paul Bourget\u2019in romanlar\u0131 da bu t\u00fcre \u00f6rnektir.T\u00fcrkiye’deki ilk ruhbilimsel roman Mehmet Rauf’un Eyl\u00fcl adl\u0131 kitab\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’den Peyami Safa’n\u0131n 9. Hariciye Ko\u011fu\u015fu buna \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n Cinayet, gizem, katil, su\u00e7, ceset vb. gibi konular\u0131 i\u015fleyen bir roman t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Agatha Christie bu anlamda \u00fcn yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 86 roman\u0131yla ‘Polisiye Romanlar\u0131n\u0131 Krali\u00e7esi’ se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Bu romanlarda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan konu ‘Kim kimi \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc?’, ‘Nas\u0131l \u00f6ld\u00fc?’, ‘Neden \u00f6ld\u00fc?’ … gibi se\u00e7ilebilir.<\/p>\n Hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcne dayanan romanlard\u0131r. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ilimlerin geli\u015fmesiyle yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00c7izgi roman veya resimli roman, \u00e7izgi ile hik\u00e2ye anlatmak i\u00e7in birbirini takip eden panellerin (\u00e7er\u00e7evelenmi\u015f resim) kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sanat t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Roman olmu\u015f veya olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn bir olayla birbirlerine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f\u00a0\u00e7e\u015fitli insanlar\u0131n, \u00e2ilelerin, cemiyetlerin ba\u015flar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en \u00e7e\u015fitli hadiseleri s\u0131ras\u0131yla\u00a0mant\u0131ksal, duygusal ve\u00a0sanatsal ili\u015fkiyle\u00a0anlatan\u00a0edebi eserdir. Kelime, \u201cger\u00e7ek veya hay\u00e2l\u00ee bir olay\u0131n mensur hikayesi\u201d m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,15],"tags":[2184],"class_list":["post-3652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-egitim","category-eglence","tag-roman"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3652"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3652"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3652\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6786,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3652\/revisions\/6786"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3652"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3652"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3652"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Roman t\u00fcrleri<\/span><\/h2>\n
Romantik<\/span><\/h3>\n
Realistik<\/span><\/h4>\n
Estetik<\/span><\/h4>\n
\u0130zlenimci<\/span><\/h4>\n
D\u0131\u015favurumcu<\/span><\/h4>\n
Yeni<\/span><\/h4>\n
Tarih\u00ee<\/span><\/h3>\n
Duygusal roman<\/span><\/h4>\n
Psikolojik roman<\/span><\/h4>\n
Polisiye roman<\/span><\/h3>\n
Fantastik roman<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u00c7izgi Roman<\/span><\/h3>\n